摘要
本文从灾害系统的概念出发,分析了1991年淮河流域苏皖地区农村洪水的雨情、水情和灾情,并探讨了这次洪水对农村造成严重灾情的原因。
Huaihe drainage basin which is a base to pr duce grains, coal and electric power in China is located between Yellow River and Ysngze River and has frequent flood and waterlogging, drought. The basin covers 295000km2. It passes through 182 counties or cities in Henan province, Anhui province, Shandong province and Jiangsu province. A violent flood and waterlogging occurred in the basin in 1991, the disaster area cau ed by flood and waterlogging covers 29180 km2. It is equivalent to 10.7 percent of the basin. The population affected by flood and waterlogging comes at 48.37 million, which is 33.59 percent of people in the basin. The direct caused by flood and waterlogging is 33.5 billions Yuan(RMB), which is equivalent to 12.64 percent of the gross output value of industry and agriculture in 1989, and the agriculture loss is 22.0 billions Yuan(RMB). This paper put forward the cause and characteristics of a critical rural disaster issue in the basin in 1991.
a. The hazard-formative environments of the basin are mainly the lower topography with 70 percent of plain, the great average variability of annual precipitation and temperature in a year and between years (20 per cent of annual precpitation variability and 7 percent of annual temperature variability), and the capture of Huaihe River by Yellow River during twelfth century to ninetheth century period. The hazard-affected bodies are mainly rural farmland, water, rural roads, eletrical nets, township industries, water conservancy projects, and peasants. The hazard-formative factors are maily rainstorms, floods and waterlogging and human factors. The rural disaster issue in the basin in 1991 was produced by the comprehensive actions of the hazard-for-mative factors.
b. 1991 flood and waterlogging of the basin were the biggest during a 50 year period and water level and water discharge in parts of the basin were the biggest during the last one hundred year period.
c. Main cause to form 1991 rural disaster issue of the basin was the coincidence of the lower topography (5-30m above sea level), the strong rainstorm and flood 200-1100 mm precipitation, the water discharge of 6000-8000 m3/s during flood period (June 12-July 11, 1991), and the feeblecapacity to counteract natural hazards in space. The coincidence was only once in a hundred year period.
d. The kinds and levels of the rural disaster issue of Huaihe drainage basin in 1991 have obvious regional difference under the control of the regional hazard-affected bodies in the basin although they are related to the hazard-formative environments and hazard-formative factors.
e. The agricultural disaster issue formed by the waterlogging was severer than the flood in the basin. The rural disaster issue was severer than that in the cities and towns. The runral disaster issue in the plains was severe than in the mountains and the hills. The rural disaster issue was the severerst in the area which passed and stored floodwater.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第5期385-393,共9页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
霍英东教育基金的资助
关键词
灾害
淮河流域
灾情
分析
Disaster system
Huaihe drainage basin
Flood and waterlogging
Rural disaster issue
