摘要
本文概述了1991年苏皖两省城市洪涝灾害特点,集中分析了这次城市洪灾、涝灾和洪涝次生灾害的类型、特点及其成因,认为1991年城市洪涝灾害不仅受自然地理条件的影响,而且还是人文、社会、经济等因素相互作用的结果。
Overwhelming is the word to describle what happened in the Jiangsu-Anhui area in the last summer. This paper focused on the analysis of some patterns, characteristics and forming factors for the urban floods and waterlogging.
The urban floods and waterlogging were of the following four fundamental characteri-stics: (1) Many of the cities in the Jiangsu-Anhui area suffered from floods and waterlogging; (2) The losses caused by the disaster were serious; (3) Waterlogging occurred mainly in big and mid-size cities, and floods occurred in small cities, county-seats and small towns; and (4) the disaster areas were distributed in the new areas of cities or the ruban fringes.
There were three main patterns the urban floods: (1) flood discharged from some reser-voirs; (2) the torrent dashed over the dam and swept down the urban buildings; (3) the water of the urban rivers flowed over the dams. Main formation factors of the urban floods were. (1) the repeated rainstorm; (2) the suddenly rise of river; (3) the wrongly chosen urban sites;
(4)the shortage of urban infrastructure which impajred the citys flood fighting capacity; and
(5) The1 disordered administrative division and the poor management systems.
Point, line and a vast expanse of water were three main patterns of the urban watelogging. Main forming factors of the urban waterlogging were: (1) The areas of water were reduced in the urban area because of the development of the city: (2) there were the earth's surface su-bsidences in the area; (3) the level of water in the rivers was so high that drainage system didn't work well; and (4) urban vertical desigas were overlooked.
Some urban secondary calamities occurred from the urban floods and waterlogging, they were mainly (1) undermining of the urban life line projects, for example, urban roads and bridges, facilities for supplying energy and gas, communication and warehouses, and (2) the slope geological calamities, for example, land sliping, collapsing and mud-rock flow.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
1992年第4期289-301,共13页
Acta Geographica Sinica
关键词
苏皖地区
城市
洪涝
灾害
成因
Urban floods and waterlogging
Urban secondary calamity
The Jiangsu-Anhui area
