摘要
采用在平皿中潮湿泸纸上培育三龄老熟幼虫的方法获得蚤的无茧裸蛹。通过对4科13属20种(亚种)蚤蛹的制片标本和其中8属10种蚤蛹的扫描电镜观察,以及活体镜检和显微录像观察,描述了不同分类阶元蚤蛹的基本结构和形态特征。蛹已具有成虫雏形,可分雌雄。一方面,不同种属的蚤蛹各具其特有的形态,尤其在属及属以上水平区别明显。用于鉴别蚤蛹的主要形态特征有中胸翅芽的有无和形状,体表刚毛毛序和刚毛形状,以及雄性第9腹节突起的形状等等。另一方面,同属、同科乃至同一总科的蚤蛹在形态上又存在共性。在所观察的角叶蚤总科的16种蚤蛹中,其中胸侧面均具1对锥状翅芽,这是蚤类起源于有翅昆虫的最有力的证据之一。蚤科3属4种蛹的胸部则缺乏翅芽,扫描电镜的观察进一步证实了这一点。就翅芽的存在与否而言,蚤目两总科间在蛹期形态上出现如此明显的间断,可能反映蚤总科的进化程度要比角叶蚤总科高得多。
Twenty species / subspecies of flea pupae without cocoon, which belong to 13 genera out of 4 families, were obtained on the cultivation of corresponding adult fleas collected from Xinjiang and Fujian by rearing the third instar old larvae on damp filter in plates. The main structures of pupae and pupal features in different categories are described on the bases of observations of living individuals, mounted specimens, as well as the scanning electron microscopy. Micro-videotaping technique was also employed for some of the pupae. The flea pupae lood like embryonic adults and pupal sex can be pointed out without difficulties. There exist generalities within, and diagnostic features between, different levels of taxonomic categories of pupae. They are the wing buds, the shape, amount and chaetotaxy of bristles on the cuticle and the shape of processes on segment IX of abdomen in male pupae, and so on.
A pair of wing buds, one of the most definite proofs that fleas originate from winged ancestors, exists on lateral mesothorax of all the observed 16 species of flea pupae belonging to Ceratophylloidea, but not on the 4 species of Pulicoidea. This may suggest that Pulicoidea might be in the higher level of evolution than Ceratophylloidea.
出处
《地方病通报》
1992年第1期35-40,共6页
Endemic Diseases Bulletin
关键词
蚤
蚤蛹
形态
Fleas
Pupae
Morphology
Wing buds
