摘要
作为长三角地区重要的生态涵养区和主要饮用水水源地,小舜江流域的生态安全和水质安全极为重要。为探究小舜江流域丰、枯水期有机磷农药(OPPs)的污染状况、来源和风险水平,首先采用气相色谱-质谱法测定了38个水样和8个沉积物样品中OPPs的组分及含量,然后采用风险熵法和环境健康优先指数评估了水体和沉积物中OPPs的生态风险,并结合日饮用剂量评估其健康风险,最后采用主成分分析法解析OPPs的来源。结果表明:①小舜江流域丰、枯水期水体中OPPs浓度分别为3.53~6.08、1.66~3.25μg/L,平均值分别为4.52、2.35μg/L;丰、枯水期沉积物中OPPs含量分别为6.02~9.35、1.53~2.43μg/g,平均值分别为7.76、2.12μg/g。这表明在水体和沉积物中OPPs的时空分布存在显著差异。②生态风险评估结果显示,丰、枯水期毒死蜱的RQ>1,甲拌磷、安硫磷的EHPi值均位列前三,属于跨介质、跨水期的高风险污染物。③蒙特卡罗模拟分析发现,研究区内敌敌畏、毒死蜱、对硫磷、二嗪农、甲基对硫磷、乐果、马拉硫磷、内吸磷、杀虫畏、乙拌磷对成人和儿童的HQ值均小于1,而苯硫磷对儿童的HQ值虽超过1,但仅为1.1,在可控范畴内。④通过主成分分析发现,丰、枯水期分别提取出3、4个主成分,且这些主成分与农业种植有关。研究显示,在小舜江流域,水文条件季节性变化显著影响有机磷农药的分布、来源与风险特征,需重点关注毒死蜱、安硫磷等主要污染物,尤其防范苯硫磷对儿童造成的非致癌风险。
As a critical ecological conservation area and major drinking water source in the Yangtze River Delta region,the ecological security and water quality safety of the Xiaoshunjiang River Basin are of paramount importance.To investigate the pollution status,sources,and risk levels of organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs)in the Xiaoshunjiang River Basin during both wet and dry seasons,OPPs components and concentrations were first determined in 38 water samples and 8 sediment samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Subsequently,ecological risks of OPPs in water and sediments were evaluated using risk entropy and environmental health priority indices,while human health risks were assessed based on daily intake doses.Finally,principal component analysis was applied to identify the sources of OPPs.The results indicate that:(1)The concentration of OPPs in water ranged from 3.53 to 6.08μg/L during the flood season and from 1.66 to 3.25μg/L during the dry season,with average values of 4.52 and 2.35μg/L,respectively.The concentration of OPPs in sediments ranged from 6.02 to 9.35μg/g during the flood season and from 1.53 to 2.43μg/g during the dry season,with average values of 7.76 and 2.12μg/g,respectively,indicating pronounced spatiotemporal variation of OPPs in both water and sediments.(2)The ecological risk assessment results indicate that the RQ values for chlorpyrifos exceed 1 during both flood and dry seasons.Both parathion and acephate rank among the top three pollutants in terms of EHPi values,classifying them as highrisk contaminants that persist across different media and water seasons.(3)Monte Carlo simulation analysis revealed that the HQ values for adults and children in the study area were below 1 for all pesticides including DDVP,chlorpyrifos,parathion,diazinon,methyl parathion,malathion,malathion,carbaryl,dichlorvos,and phosmet.Although the HQ value for children exceeded 1 for fenitrothion,it was only 1.1 and remained within a controllable range.(4)Principal component analysis revealed that the 3 and 4 principal components extracted during the wet and dry seasons,respectively,primarily represented agricultural cultivation sources.Overall,the results demonstrate that seasonal hydrological variations significantly influence the distribution,sources,and risk characteristics of OPPs in the Xiaoshunjiang River Basin.Particular attention should be paid to key pollutants such as carbaryl and phenthion,especially with regard to the non-carcinogenic risks posed by phenthion to children and infants.
作者
丁鹏凯
付青
涂响
汪星
昌盛
王恩瑞
DING Pengkai;FU Qing;TU Xiang;WANG Xing;CHANG Sheng;WANG Enrui(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection of Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
北大核心
2026年第4期951-964,共14页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
重点流域与美丽河湖水环境监督管理项目(No.102144250260000000034)。
关键词
小舜江流域
有机磷农药(OPPs)
污染特征
生态风险
健康风险
Xiaoshunjiang River Basin
organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs)
pollution characteristics
ecological risk
health risk
