摘要
在地震救援过程中,营救被困人员往往依赖于在建筑的半废墟结构中构建救生通道。然而,强余震作用使这些通道易发生二次倒塌,对救援人员及被困者的生命安全构成严重威胁。本文以强震作用下易受损的底框砌体结构为研究对象,提出了一种结合有限元法与有限离散元法(finite element-finite discrete element method,FE-FDEM)的数值模拟方法,利用LS-DYNA程序的重启动功能,实现了对底框半废墟结构救生通道的精确构建。此外,本文还建立了针对底框砌体废墟结构二次倒塌的安全性评价指标,并对2008年汶川地震中的实际底框砌体半废墟结构救生通道在余震条件下进行了安全性评估。研究结果表明,该数值模拟方法能够有效重构底框砌体废墟结构中的救生通道;在黄金救援72 h后,当主震震级大于7.0级时,底框砌体半废墟结构救生通道的二次倒塌概率增长趋于平稳;而在黄金救援72 h内,当主震震级大于等于7.5级时,救生通道的二次倒塌概率呈现显著的指数增长趋势。
In earthquake rescue operations,the construction of rescue passages within semi-ruined building structures is crucial for the safe evacuation of trapped people.However,under the influence of strong aftershocks,these rescue passages are prone to secondary collapse,posing significant risks to both rescuers and the trapped.This study focuses on bottom-frame masonry structures,which are particularly vulnerable to extensive damage during strong earthquakes.A numerical simulation method combining the finite element method and the finite discrete element method(FE-FDEM)is proposed.By utilizing the restart function of LS-DYNA,it enables the precise modeling and construction of rescue passages within bottom-frame masonry structures in a semi-ruined state(BFMSSS).Additionally,a safety evaluation index is developed to assess the risk of secondary collapse in BFMSSS.The safety of rescue passages in BFMSSS affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is evaluated under the influence of aftershocks.The results indicate that the proposed numerical simulation method can accurately reconstruct life-saving passages within the BFMSSS.Beyond the golden rescue window of 72 hours,when the mainshock magnitude exceeds 7.0,the probability of secondary collapse(P)for rescue passages in the BFMSSS state increases gradually.However,within the golden rescue window of 72 hours,when the mainshock magnitude reaches or exceeds 7.5,the probability of secondary collapse(P)shows an exponential increase.
作者
杨永强
许德峰
戴君武
呼天宇
赵怀祥
YANG Yongqiang;XU Defeng;DAI Junwu;HU Tianyu;ZHAO Huaixiang(Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation,Ministry of Emergency Management,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster,Ministry of Emergency Management,Beijing 100049,China;College of Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;College of Engineering and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)
出处
《地震工程与工程振动》
北大核心
2026年第2期132-143,共12页
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics
基金
中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项(2025B01)
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1504404)。
关键词
地震救援
底框砌体半废墟结构
有限元法与有限离散元法
救生通道
安全性评估
earthquake rescue
bottom frame masonry structure in semi-ruined state
finite element method and finite discrete element method
life-saving passages
safety evaluation
