摘要
为探究绿肥配施不同用量生物炭对复垦耕地土壤质量和水稻生长的影响,采用田间试验,设置常规施肥(CK1)、增施绿肥(CK2)及绿肥配施4个用量生物炭(1500、2250、3000、3750 kg·hm^(-2))处理,分析不同处理的土壤养分、酶活性、微生物数量、水稻产量及其构成因素和养分吸收量。结果表明,与CK1相比,绿肥配施中等用量生物炭可以显著提高水稻秸秆、籽粒的氮磷钾含量,而绿肥配施不同用量生物炭能显著提高水稻有效穗数、每穂实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量,养分吸收量和产量及其构成因素均出现先增加后减少的趋势,其中配施生物炭3000 kg·hm^(-2)产量最高,提高21.77%。与CK1处理相比,绿肥配施生物炭处理土壤的pH显著提高4.15%~7.58%,阳离子交换量显著提高13.58%~45.12%,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别显著提高27.81%~45.18%、7.23%~10.80%、24.00%~36.87%、34.63%~59.24%;细菌、放线菌、固氮细菌数量分别显著提高36.63%~97.09%、52.12%~91.51%、142.67%~316.00%;土壤蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶、纤维素酶活性分别显著提高36.07%~81.38%、44.44%~133.33%、17.44%~30.03%;绿肥配施中、高用量生物炭还可以显著降低土壤容重7.80%~9.93%,同时显著增加细菌与真菌及放线菌与真菌的比值,有利于减少土壤土传病害的发生几率。主成分分析综合得分表明,绿肥配施生物炭3750 kg·hm^(-2)对提高土壤质量效果最好,但考虑生产经济性,推荐冬种绿肥+单季晚稻常规施肥+生物炭3000 kg·hm^(-2)处理,更有利于提高产量。以上研究结果为“非粮化”复垦区土壤改良和粮食增产提供技术支持和理论依据。
To investigate the effects of green manure combined with different amounts of biochar on soil quality and rice growth in reclaimed farmland,a field experiment was conducted.The treatment of conventional fertilization(CK1),increased green fertilizer(CK2),and green manure combined with 4 doses of biochar(1500,2250,3000,3750 kg·hm^(-2))were set.The soil nutrients,enzyme activity,microbial quantity,yield and its composing factors,and nutrient absorption of different treatments were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with the CK1 treatment,green manure combined with medium amount of biochar could significantly increase the contents of and total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in rice straw and grains.The application of different amounts of biochar combined with green manure could significantly increase the number of effective spikes,grain number per spike,seed setting rate,thousand kernel weight and yield of rice.The nutrient content and yield and its composing factors showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with the highest yield increase of 21.77%observed with the application of 3000 kg·hm^(-2)biochar.Compared with CK1 treatment,the application of green manure combined with biochar significantly increased soil pH by 4.15%~7.58%,cation exchange capacity by 13.58%~45.12%,and the organic matter,alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium increased by 27.81%~45.18%,7.23%~10.80%,24.00%~36.87%,34.63%~59.24%,respectively,the number of bacterial,actinomycete,nitrogen fixing bacteria increased by 36.63%~97.09%,52.12%~91.51%,142.67%~31.00%,the activities of sucrase,alkaline phosphatase,cellulose increased by 36.07%~81.38%,44.44%~133.33%,17.44%~30.03%,respectively.The application of green manure with medium and high amounts of biochar could significantly reduce bulk density by 7.80%~9.93%,and significantly increase the ratio of bacteria/fungi and actinomycetes/fungi,which should be beneficial for reducing the incidence of soil-borne diseases.The principal component analysis showed that the application of green manure with 3750 kg·hm^(-2)biochar had the best effect on improving soil quality.However,based the perspective of production economy,the winter planting of green manure+conventional fertilization of single season late rice+3000 kg·hm^(-2)biochar treatment had the highest yield and could be recommended for priority application in agricultural production.Above results provided technical support and theoretical basis for soil improvement and grain increase in“non-grain”reclamation area.
作者
胡铁军
周飞
潘丽卿
斯林林
HU Tiejun;ZHOU Fei;PAN Liqing;SI Linlin(Yuyao Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station,Zhejiang Yuyao 315400,China;Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310000,China)
出处
《中国农业科技导报(中英文)》
北大核心
2026年第4期180-190,共11页
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
基金
宁波市公益类科技项目(2023S127)
宁波市重点研发项目(2022Z169)。
关键词
水稻
绿肥
生物炭
产量
土壤质量
rice
green manure
biochar,yield
soil quality
