摘要
在横风环境下,高速列车交会时的气动载荷突变易引发车体冲击与运行安全隐患。以450 km/h高速列车为对象,构建风-列车-路堤风屏障耦合三维模型,研究风屏障位置对交会列车气动性能的影响规律。结果表明:无风屏障时,迎风车头波正波幅值显著增大,气动力波动剧烈;风屏障内交会可有效抑制气动力波动,各车厢横向力降幅达38.4%,轮轨垂向力与脱轨系数分别降低38.4%和16.7%;而风屏障端部交会导致背风侧涡旋增多,流场紊乱,脱轨风险增加26.2%。通过Q准则涡量分析发现,风屏障内交会时头车高压区扩散,尾部负压区减小,气流扰动显著降低;端部交会则因气流分离加剧,引发高能涡旋聚集。仿真验证表明,风屏障位置优化可有效降低气动载荷,提升列车运行安全性与稳定性。研究结果为高速铁路风屏障设计与运营管理提供了理论依据。
Under crosswind conditions,abrupt changes in aerodynamic loads during the meeting of high-speed trains are prone to cause car body impacts and potential operational safety hazards.A three-dimensional coupling model of wind-train-embankment wind barrier was established for a 450 km/h high-speed train,and the influence law of the wind barrier position on the aerodynamic performance of the meeting train was studied.The results show that when there is no wind barrier,the amplitude of the positive windward head wave increases significantly,and the aerodynamic force fluctuates violently;train meeting inside the wind barrier can effectively suppress the fluctuation of aerodynamic force,with the lateral force of each carriage reduced by 38.4%,and the wheel-rail vertical force and derailment coefficient decreased by 38.4%and 16.7%respectively.However,train meeting at the end of the wind barrier leads to an increase in vortices on the leeward side,resulting in a turbulent flow field and a 26.2%increase in derailment risk.Through Q-criterion vorticity analysis,it was found that during train meeting inside the wind barrier,the high-pressure area of the leading car spreads,the negative-pressure area at the tail decreases,and the airflow disturbance is significantly reduced.In contrast,train meeting at the end leads to intensified airflow separation,which triggers the accumulation of high-energy vortices.Simulation verification indicates that the optimization of wind barrier positions can effectively reduce aerodynamic loads and improve the operational safety and stability of trains.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the design and operation management of wind barriers in high-speed railways.
作者
王胜男
杜礼明
傅镇
WANG Sheng-nan;DU Li-ming;FU Zhen(Zhan Tianyou College,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2026年第9期3967-3977,共11页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(11872136)。
