摘要
职教高考制度作为优化技术技能人才选拔的核心机制,面临国家统一框架与地方适配间的结构性张力阻滞问题。基于区域差异发展理论,运用NVivo 12分析软件对东部(江苏省、广东省)、中部(湖北省、河南省)、西部(陕西省、云南省)6省12份政策文本进行质性分析。研究发现,省域政策呈现显著的结构同构特征,均以招生主体、招生对象、考试内容、组织形式等维度搭建制度文本。然而,受区域产业需求驱动,不同地区的政策实践逻辑呈现显著的空间分异,即东部地区深度嵌入产教融合逻辑,中部地区侧重制度弹性与公平调适,西部地区着力资源整合与数字赋能。当前,职教高考面临四重困境,即招生主体协同机制缺失、生源结构失衡、考试内容滞后产业升级及技能测试组织规范缺失。基于此,应构建纵向贯通、横向协同的治理体系;建立区域适配弹性招生体系;完善考试内容动态优化机制;构建国家标准框架、区域差异化实施与跨域协同监督技能测试体系,以推动职教高考制度的区域协同创新,为职业教育高质量发展提供参考与借鉴。
As a core mechanism for optimizing the selection of technical and skilled talents,the vocational education college entrance examination system faces a structural tension between the national unified framework and local adaptation.Based on the theory of regional differential development,this paper uses NVivo 12 analysis software to conduct qualitative analysis on 12 policy texts from 6 provinces in the eastern(Jiangsu,Guangdong),central(Hubei,Henan)and western(Shaanxi,Yunnan)regions of China.The study finds that provincial policies show significant structural isomorphism characteristics,all constructing institutional texts from the dimensions of enrollment subject,enrollment target,examination content and organizational form.However,driven by regional industrial demand,the practical logic of the policy presents significant spatial differentiation:the eastern region is deeply embedded in the logic of industry-education integration,the central region focuses on institutional flexibility and equity adjustment,and the western region focuses on resource integration and digital empowerment.At present,the vocational education college entrance examination is faced with four predicaments,namely the lack of a coordination mechanism for enrollment subjects,the imbalance of student source structure,the lag of examination content behind industrial upgrading,and the lack of standardized organization of skill tests.Based on this,it is necessary to construct a governance system with vertical connection and horizontal coordination;establish a regionally adapted flexible enrollment system;improve the dynamic optimization mechanism of examination content;and build a skill test system with a national standard framework,regional differentiated implementation and cross-regional collaborative supervision,so as to promote the regional collaborative innovation of the vocational education college entrance examination system and provide reference for the high-quality development of vocational education.
作者
彭颖晖
肖雪
PENG Yinghui;XIAO Xue
出处
《职教通讯》
2026年第3期50-60,共11页
Communication of Vocational Education
基金
2023年江西省高等学校教育教学改革课题“基于类型教育的江西职教高考制度研究”(项目编号:JXJG-23-10-33)
2023年江西省高等学校教学改革研究课题“市域产教联合体复合应用型产业人才培养机制及路径探索——江西科技师范大学电子信息类专业的实践样本”(项目编号:JXJG-23-10-2)。
关键词
区域差异
职教高考
政策执行
制度同构
regional differences
vocational education college entrance examination
policy implementation
institutional isomorphism
