摘要
随着中国国际月球科研站建设计划的加速实施,月面道路已成为月球科研站建设的关键基础设施之一,对满足航天员出舱活动,提升月面交通运输效率具有重要意义。当前原位成型技术存在强度弱、精度差、效率低等问题,且现有铺面设计多局限于平面构型,缺乏层状结构的系统设计。为此,基于月壤与月岩的物理力学特性与粒度分布,参考经典碎石路面结构,提出一种命名为月球“秦直道”的分层碎石路面推荐形式:面层粒径小于1 cm、厚度3 cm;基层粒径1~2 cm、厚度8 cm;底基层粒径2~2.5 cm、厚度10 cm,路基为压实原状月壤。采用PFC3D软件建立三维离散元模型,基于非线性接触模型考虑颗粒间表面吸附力,模拟单个轮胎在月面低重力条件下的静载响应,分析颗粒运动与应力传递行为。结果表明:月球“秦直道”在加载过程中颗粒运动趋于稳定,结构承载能力良好;面层最大沉降约1.4 mm,底基层沉降小于0.2 mm,应力呈自上而下扩散趋势,传力效果良好,满足初期运行需求。进一步探讨了“材料验证-技术应用-性能升级”三阶段发展路径,规划了月面道路建设的系统进程。研究提出了月面道路结构设计构想与发展路径,指明了未来月面道路构建的关键技术发展方向。
With the accelerated implementation of China's International Lunar Research Station initiative,lunar road has become a critical infrastructure component for surface construction.It plays a vital role in supporting extravehicular activities(EVA)and enhancing the efficiency of lunar surface transportation.However,current in-situ forming technologies face challenges such as low strength,poor precision,and low efficiency.Moreover,existing pavement designs are mostly focus on the planar configuration,lacking multi-layered structural considerations.To address these limitations,this study proposes a stratified gravel pavement concept-named the Lunar"Qinzhidao"-inspired by the physical and mechanical properties and particle size distribution of lunar regolith and rock,as well as classical Macadam road structures on Earth.The recommended structure includes:a surface layer with particle size<1 cm and thickness of 3 cm;a base layer with particle size of 1-2 cm and thickness of 8cm;and a subbase layer with particle size of 2-2.5 cm and thickness of 10 cm.The subgrade consists of compacted in-situ lunar regolith.A three-dimensional discrete element model was developed using PFC3D software,incorporating a nonlinear contact model that considers inter-particle surface adhesion,to simulate the static load response of a single wheel under lunar low-gravity conditions.The simulation analyzes particle motion and stress transmission behavior.Results show that the Macadam road exhibits stable particle movement during loading and demonstrates good structural bearing capacity.The maximum settlement of the surface layer is approximately 1.4 mm,while settlement in the subbase layer is less than 0.2 mm.Stress transmission displays a downward diffusion pattern,indicating effective load transfer,and satisfies the operational requirements for the initial operation phase.Furthermore,a three-stage development path of-"Material Verification-Technological Application-Performance Enhancement"-is proposed to guide the systematic progression of lunar road construction.The study proposes a conceptual design and development path for lunar road structures,and identifies the key technological directions for future lunar road development.
作者
刘佳媛
王浩
李峰
周思齐
周齐
冯沁心
林志芊
LIU Jia-yuan;WANG Hao;LI Feng;ZHOU Si-qi;ZHOU Qi;FENG Qin-xin;LIN Zhi-qian(School of Transportation Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Future Aerospace Technology,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;Shen Yuan Honors College,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)
出处
《中国公路学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期222-234,共13页
China Journal of Highway and Transport
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52578496,52308427)
中国科协青年人才托举工程(YESS20230576)
全国建材行业重大科技攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目(2023JBGS04-02)
国家航天局探月与航天工程中心嫦娥六号月球样品借用项目。
关键词
路面工程
月面道路
原位资源利用
碎石路面
发展路径
pavement engineering
lunar road
in-situ resource utilization
macadam road
development path
