摘要
临时仲裁员责任保险是承保临时仲裁员民事赔偿责任风险的职业责任保险,对于维持临时仲裁员的公正独立、保障临时仲裁制度的健康可持续发展意义重大。关于临时仲裁员责任保险的基础理论争议,理应回归契约性理论建构其法理基础。契约性理论和职业化发展使临时仲裁员的法律地位趋向于“去司法化”,存在以民事主体身份承担民事赔偿责任的可能。相较于机构仲裁员,临时仲裁员带有涉外性、独立性和来源多样性,民事责任风险更为突出。临时仲裁员的职业化发展,一方面需要明确区别于机构仲裁员的职业定位,另一方面需要借助临时仲裁员责任保险调节其职业风险,弥补职业安全感的缺失,以增强职业吸引力。应综合考量域外仲裁员责任保险实践,以此观照中国临时仲裁员责任保险的本土困境,从而构筑临时仲裁员责任保险的理论与实践基础,推动临时仲裁员责任保险融入临时仲裁制度完善。
Liability insurance for ad hoc arbitrators is a type of professional liability insurance that covers the risks of civil compensation liability borne by ad hoc arbitrators.This insurance is of great significance for upholding the impartiality and independence of ad hoc arbitrators and facilitating the healthy and sustainable development of the ad hoc arbitration system.However,controversies remain over the basic theory of this insurance scheme,and it is imperative to revert to the contractual theory to construct its jurisprudential foundation.The contractual theory and the professionalization drive have contributed to a de-judicialization trend in the legal status of ad hoc arbitrators,creating the possibility for them to assume civil compensation liability as civil subjects.Compared with institutional arbitrators,ad hoc arbitrators are characterized by their foreign-related nature,independent status and diverse origins,which render their civil liability risks more prominent.For the professional development of ad hoc arbitrators,on the one hand,it is necessary to clarify their professional positioning distinct from that of institutional arbitrators;on the other hand,it is essential to leverage liability insurance for ad hoc arbitrators to mitigate their professional risks,compensate for the lack of professional security,and thereby enhance the attractiveness of the profession.It’s necessary to comprehensively consider the overseas practices of arbitrator liability insurance,so as to reflect on the local predicaments faced by ad hoc arbitrator liability insurance in China,thereby establishing the theoretical and practical foundations of such insurance and promoting its integration into the improvement of the ad hoc arbitration system.
作者
胡鑫磊
HU Xinlei(Law School,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830046,China)
出处
《中国海商法研究》
2026年第1期127-136,共10页
Chinese Journal of Maritime Law
基金
2024年度国家社科基金重点项目“商业保险与社会保险衔接的法律机制研究”(24AFX011)。
关键词
临时仲裁
仲裁员责任
民事赔偿责任
职业责任保险
ad hoc arbitration
liability of arbitrators
civil compensation liability
professional liability insurance
