摘要
2025年新《海商法》的出台是中国海洋法治及涉外法治发展进程中的一座里程碑。新《海商法》的重要历史使命是通过健全具有中国特色与顺应国际趋势二者并重的海商法制度,促进海上运输和经济贸易的高质量发展及高水平对外开放。该法的重要制度设计具有鲜明的时代印迹,在航运数字化、航运绿色化及航运反制三个方面凸显了时代特征。其他重要的制度发展主要包括:适度统一了国内和国际海上货物运输合同制度;港口经营人经由实际承运人概念纳入新《海商法》的调整范围;旅客人身伤害赔偿限额和海事赔偿责任限额得到审慎提高;船舶物权制度实现与《民法典》相关制度的体系衔接;海上保险合同制度得到重塑;诉讼时效的中断事由得到扩展;确定国际海上货物运输合同准据法的意思自治原则受到限制等。新《海商法》是凝聚中国智慧与中国元素的一次本土化重构,标志着中国海商法已经开启从“引进来”到“走出去”的新航程。
The promulgation of new Chinese Maritime Code(CMC)in 2025 marks a milestone in the development of China’s maritime rule of law and its foreign-related legal system.The principal historical mission of new CMC lies in promoting high-quality development of maritime transport and economic and trade,as well as a high level of opening-up,by establishing a maritime legal regime that both embodies Chinese characteristics and aligns with international trends.The key institutional designs of new CMC bear distinct features of the current era,particularly in the areas of shipping digitalization,green shipping,and shipping countermeasures.Other significant institutional developments mainly include:the moderate unification of regimes governing domestic and international contracts for the carriage of goods by sea;the incorporation of port operators into the scope of new CMC through the concept of the“actual carrier”;the prudent increase in the limits of liability for passengers’personal injury the limits of liability for maritime claims;the systematic alignment of the ship property rights regime with the relevant provisions of Civil Code;the restructuring of legal rules on marine insurance contracts;the expansion of grounds for the interruption of limitation periods;and the restriction on the principle of party autonomy in determining applicable law of contracts for the international carriage of goods by sea.New CMC represents a localized reconstruction that embodies Chinese wisdom and Chinese elements,signaling that China’s maritime law has embarked on a new voyage from“bringing in”to“going global”.
作者
单红军
朱作贤
SHAN Hongjun;ZHU Zuoxian(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)
出处
《中国海商法研究》
2026年第1期3-16,共14页
Chinese Journal of Maritime Law
基金
2023年度国家社科基金研究专项(23VHQ015)。
关键词
《海商法》修订
高质量发展
航运绿色化
航运数字化
航运反制
本土化重构
revision of CMC
high-quality development
green shipping
shipping digitalization
shipping countermeasures
localized reconstruction
