摘要
目的分析2025年1月阿勒泰地区青河县1例(该地区首例)流行性脑脊髓膜炎(简称流脑)病例流行病学和病原学特征,为新疆地区流脑防控提供科学依据。方法依据《流行性脑脊髓膜炎诊断》(WS 295—2019),对流脑病例开展实验室血常规和病原学检测、诊断和临床分型。对病例的临床表现与诊疗过程、疫苗接种等情况进行流行病学个案调查,描述和分析相关危险因素、防控措施。结果本研究的流脑病例为在校寄宿小学生,近1个月无外出史,无流脑病例接触史。该病例按照儿童免疫程序规定,分别在6月龄、1岁、3岁和6岁已完成4剂(A群及A+C群多糖疫苗)流脑免疫规划疫苗接种。病例临床常规检测:白细胞总数、中性粒细胞计数明显增高近2倍。在病例脑脊液标本及其3位密切接触者的咽拭子标本中,经分离培养和血清学分群,均鉴定出B群脑膜炎奈瑟菌(Neisseria meningitidis,Nm)。病例经过及时对症治疗,痊愈出院。该起疫情通过有效落实综合性防治措施,未出现二代病例。结论该病例为B群Nm引起、临床分型为普通型、本地感染的流脑病例。应针对重点人群及重点场所,加强健康人群带菌率持续监测,持续优化完善防控措施,预防控制流脑疫情的出现。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of a case of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis(referred to as meningitis)in Qinghe County of Altay Prefecture in January 2025(the first case in the region),and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of meningitis in Xinjiang.Methods According to the"Diagnosis of Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis"(WS 295-2019),laboratory blood routine tests and pathogen detection,diagnosis,and clinical classification were conducted on the meningitis cases.An epidemiological case investigation was conducted on the clinical manifestations,diagnosis process,and vaccination status of the case,aiming to analyze the relevant risk factors and prevention measures.Results The meningitis case was a boarding school student.In the past month,there was no history of going out and no contact history with cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.This case was vaccinated against epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in accordance with the immunization schedule for children,with 4 doses(A group and A+C group polysaccharide vaccines)of the immunization program completed at 6 months,1 year,3 years,and 6 years.The total white blood cell count and the count of neutrophils of the case increased by nearly twice.In the cerebrospinal fluid specimen of the case and the throat swab specimens of 3 close contacts,Neisseria meningitidis group B(Nm)was identified after isolation culture and serological grouping.The case was treated promptly and recovered.Through the effective implementation of comprehensive prevention and control measures,no secondary cases occurred in this outbreak.Conclusions This case was caused by the group B Nm infection,with a clinical classification of the common type,and was a locally infected case of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.Measures should be strengthened for continuous monitoring of the carrier rate of healthy populations.Continuous optimization and improvement of prevention and control measures should be performed to prevent the occurrence of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.
作者
别尔德古丽·温努尔汗
朱吉凯
薛秀萍
BERDYGUL Wennur Khan;ZHU Jikai;XUE Xiuping(Qinghe County Disease Prevention and Control Center(Health Supervision Institute),Altay 836200,Xinjiang,China;Qiqihar Disease Prevention and Control Center,Qiqihar 161000,Heilongjiang Province,China)
出处
《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》
2026年第1期60-64,共5页
Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases
关键词
实验室检测
流行性脑脊髓膜炎
脑膜炎奈瑟菌
流行病学
病原学检测
laboratory testing
epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis
Neisseria meningitidis
epidemiology
etiological detection
