摘要
目的了解2020—2024年洛阳市食源性沙门菌感染的流行病学特征,为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2020—2024年洛阳市2家主动监测哨点医院报告的1676例食源性疾病病例数据,应用Excel 2016、SPSS 23.0软件对食源性沙门菌感染的人群分布、季节性分布、暴露食品信息及血清分型等进行描述分析。使用频数和百分比描述沙门菌阳性病例数及构成比,率的比较采用χ^(2)检验。检验水准为α=0.05。结果1676例食源性疾病病例中,检出沙门菌感染病例152例,检出率9.07%。男性检出率为8.44%,女性检出率9.74%。肠炎沙门菌(44.08%)是主要血清型。5至7月为发病高峰期,不同月份检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=71.509,P<0.001)。0~<5岁儿童(检出率21.18%)和60岁及以上老年人(检出率10.50%)是高危人群。散居儿童(22.27%)和托幼儿童(14.63%)检出率较高。不同年龄组及职业人群检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)分别为71.162、79.014,P均<0.001)。可疑暴露食品分类中,以蛋类及其制品检出率较高(14.89%)。加工方式中,以散装食品(12.46%)和家庭自制食品(12.35%)的检出率较高。结论相关部门应进一步加强对蛋类及其制品和散装食品的监管力度,加大对民众的食品安全科普宣教力度,重点强化对幼儿家长及老年人的针对性宣教,以减少食源性沙门菌感染的发生。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne Salmonella infection in Luoyang City from 2020 to 2024,and to provide a scientific basis for the development of effective prevention and control strategies.Methods The data of 1676 cases of foodborne diseases reported by two active surveillance sentinel hospitals in Luoyang City from 2020 to 2024 were collected.Excel 2016 and SPSS 23.0 softwares were applied to describe and analyze the population distribution,seasonal distribution,exposed food information and serotyping of foodborne Salmonella infection.The frequency and percentage were used to describe the number and composition ratio of Salmonella-positive cases.The comparison of rates was conducted using theχ^(2)test,with a test level ofα=0.05.Results Among 1676 cases of foodborne diseases,152 were detected as Salmonella infection cases with a detection rate of 9.07%.The detection rate was 8.44%in males and 9.74%in females.Salmonella Enteritidis(44.08%)was the predominant serotype.The peak incidence period was from May to July,and there was a statistically significant difference in detection rates among different months(χ^(2)=71.509,P<0.001).Children aged 0-<5 years(detection rate:21.18%)and the elderly aged 60 years and above(detection rate:10.50%)were high-risk groups.The detection rates were relatively higher in scattered children(22.27%)and preschool children in nursery care(14.63%).Statistically significant differences were observed in detection rates among different age groups and occupational populations(χ^(2)=71.162 and 79.014,respectively,both P<0.001).Among the categories of suspected exposure foods,eggs and egg products had a relatively high detection rate(14.89%).Regarding processing methods,bulk foods(12.46%)and homemade foods(12.35%)showed higher detection rates.Conclusions Relevant authorities should further strengthen the supervision of eggs,egg products and bulk foods,increase the intensity of food safety science popularization and education for the public,and focus on enhancing targeted publicity and education for parents of young children and the elderly,so as to reduce the incidence of foodborne Salmonella infection.
作者
刘秀敏
仝志琴
陈晓珑
张冠
LIU Xiumin;TONG Zhiqin;CHEN Xiaolong;ZHANG Guan(Luoyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Luoyang 471023,Henan Province,China)
出处
《寄生虫病与感染性疾病》
2026年第1期40-44,共5页
Parasitoses and Infectious Diseases
关键词
食源性疾病
沙门菌
流行特征
foodborne diseases
Salmonella
epidemiological characteristics
