摘要
目的分析成都市生活饮用水中常规消毒副产物的浓度水平及其影响因素,为规范水质消毒工艺、提高水质安全提供依据。方法2023—2024年共采集成都市23个区(市)县114家集中式供水单位的水质开展三卤甲烷类和卤乙酸类消毒副产物检测。同时分析不同水样类型、水期、水源及消毒方式各物质检出和浓度水平的影响。率的比较采用卡方检验,2组间比较采用2个独立样本的非参数Mann-Whitney U检验,多组间比较采用多个独立样本的非参数Kruskal-Wallis H检验。采用R4.2.1进行统计分析,检验水准为α=0.05。结果2023—2024年共采集成都市2677件水样进行检测,三卤甲烷类副产物总检出率为88.94%,其中三氯甲烷(87.00%)为主要成分,卤乙酸类检出率为47.70%,三氯乙酸(38.96%)为主要成分。所测各物质浓度水平均符合国家标准限值,但二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的最大检出浓度达到标准限值的上限。二次供水三卤甲烷类副产物的检出率和检出浓度最高,末梢水次之,出厂水最低。丰水期三卤甲烷类和卤乙酸类副产物的浓度(M=20.0μg/L,M=19.0μg/L)高于枯水期(M=12.0μg/L,M=9.1μg/L)。地表水中三卤甲烷类副产物的检出率(92.59%)和浓度(M=15.5μg/L)高于地下水(73.97%,M=7.6μg/L),从地表水系来看,以岷江水系为水源水的水样中三卤甲烷类副产物浓度水平(M=16.8μg/L)高于沱江水系(M=9.6μg/L)。采用次氯酸钠消毒的水样三卤甲烷类副产物的检出率最高(98.65%),高纯二氧化氯消毒的水样常规消毒副产物检出率及卤乙酸类副产物检出浓度相对最低(7.2μg/L)。结论目前成都市生活饮用水中三卤甲烷类和卤乙酸类副产物的浓度水平符合国家标准限值要求。但不同水样类型、水期、消毒方式及水源类型水样的常规消毒副产物的浓度水平具有差异。
Objective To analyze the concentration level and influencing factors of conventional disinfection by-products in drinking water in Chengdu City,and to provide basis for standardizing water disinfection process and improving water quality safety.Methods From 2023 to 2024,the water quality of 114 centralized water supply units in 23 districts/cities/counties of Chengdu City was collected to detect the disinfection by-products of trihalomethanes(THMs)and haloacetic acids.At the same time,the influence of different water sample type,water period,water source and disinfection method on the detection and concentration of each substance was analyzed.Chi-square test was used to compare the rates.Comparison between two groups was conducted by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test of two independent samples.The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test of multiple independent samples was used for comparison among groups.The test level was α=0.05.Results A total of 2677 water samples were collected for detection.The total detection rate of trihalomethanes was 88.94%,of which trichloromethane(87.00%)was the main component,and the detection rate of haloacetic acids was 47.70%,of which trichloroacetic acid(38.96%)was the main component.The concentration levels of all substances measured were in line with the national standard limits,but the maximum detected concentrations of dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid reached the upper limit of the standard limits.The detection rate and the detection concentration of THMs in secondary water supply were the highest,followed by peripheral water,and the lowest in outgoing water.The concentrations of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in wet season(M=20.0μg/L,M=19.0μg/L)were significantly higher than those in dry season(M=12.0μg/L,M=9.1μg/L).The detection rate(92.59%)and the detection concentration(M=15.5μg/L)of trihalomethanes in surface water were significantly higher than those in groundwater(73.97%,M=7.6μg/L).From the perspective of surface water system,the concentration of trihalomethanes in water samples from Minjiang River System(M=16.8μg/L)was higher than that from Tuojiang River System(M=9.6μg/L).Water samples disinfected with sodium hypochlorite had the highest detection rate of trihalomethane byproducts(98.65%),and the detection rate of conventional disinfection byproducts and the concentration of haloacetate byproducts(7.2μg/L)in water samples sterilized by high purity chlorine dioxide were the lowest.Conclusions At present,the concentration levels of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in drinking water in Chengdu City meet the requirements of national standard limits.However,the concentration levels of conventional disinfection by-products of water samples were different in different water sample types,water periods,disinfection methods and water source types.
作者
兰苏
覃芳葵
旷聃
翟一凡
罗理
王成
高绪芳
LAN Su;QIN Fangkui;KUANG Dan;ZHAI Yifan;LUO Li;WANG Cheng;GAO Xufang(Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan Province,China)
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
2026年第3期404-410,共7页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
关键词
生活饮用水
消毒副产物
三卤甲烷
卤乙酸
drinking water
disinfection by-products
trihalomethanes
haloacetic acids
