摘要
为提升高分子材料的阻燃性能并拓展其应用领域,本文系统综述了本征型阻燃剂的制备与研究进展。介绍了硅系、硼系、氮系、磷系、硫系等单一元素本征阻燃剂的阻燃机制与性能特点,分析了各类阻燃剂在凝聚相与气相作用中的差异与局限。在此基础上,重点阐述了通过磷-氮、磷-硅、磷-硫及多元协同体系的分子设计,实现气相阻燃、催化成炭与陶瓷化等多种阻燃机制的融合。同时指出,目前本征型阻燃剂仍存在合成工艺复杂、生产成本高、元素间的协同机制不明确等问题。提出应致力于开发结构多样、合成简便、环境兼容性优良的多元素协同阻燃体系,倡导采用生物基原料与绿色合成工艺,并通过分子设计与性能调控,实现阻燃效率与材料综合性能的平衡,推动其在煤矿、建筑、汽车等领域的深入应用。
To improve the flame retardant properties of polymer materials and expand their application areas,the preparation and research progress of intrinsic flame retardants was systematically reviewed.The flame retardant mechanisms and characteristics of single-element intrinsic flame retardants,including silicon,boron,nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur-based systems,was introduced,and the differences and limitations of various flame retardants in condensed-phase and gas-phase interactions was analyzed.Through the molecular design of P-N,P-Si,P-S,and multicomponent synergistic systems,the emphasis was placed on how to achieve the integration of various flame-retardant mechanisms,including gas-phase action,catalyzed carbonization,and ceramic formation.Furthermore,it was noted that such intrinsic flame retardants still face challenges such as complex synthesis,process high cost,and unclear synergistic mechanisms among elements.Future work should be focused on developing structurally diverse,easily synthesized,and environmentally benign multi-element synergistic flame-retardant systems,which involves utilizing bio-based materials and green synthesis processes,and balancing flame-retardant efficiency with overall material performance through molecular design,thereby promoting deeper applications in fields like mining,construction,and automotive industries.
作者
张晓东
ZHANG Xiaodong(CCRI(Beijing)New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;CCTEG China Coal Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China)
出处
《工程塑料应用》
北大核心
2026年第3期227-234,共8页
Engineering Plastics Application
基金
煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司科技发展基金项目(2025QN-04)。
关键词
本征型阻燃剂
阻燃元素
阻燃机制
协同阻燃
高分子材料
intrinsic flame retardant
flame-retardant elements
flame-retardant mechanism
synergistic flame-retardant
polymer materials
