摘要
在西欧殖民早期的烟草生产贸易竞争体系下,英国长期处于边缘地位。为扭转局面,英国充分利用自身优势,动用国家力量,积极干预烟草业,直至形成以本土为中心的跨大西洋烟草市场。通过竞争,英国近乎垄断了烟草生产最核心的劳动力供应与土地两大要素,在短时间内通过规模化生产压低了烟草价格,利用中端烟草迅速俘获中下层消费者。同时致力于垄断本国的烟草采购运输,并开拓国内外消费市场,最终形成从生产到消费皆由英国主导的商贸体系。该市场体系下,英国本土是最大的受益者。英国创造出一个巨大的跨大西洋需求市场,然后再通过规模化生产来满足需求,而其他地区的资源财富不断流入,助推了本土资本的原始积累,也刺激了英国社会从商业资本主义迈向工业资本主义。
Under the competitive system of tobacco production and trade in the early colonial period,England was once in a disadvantaged position.To change the current situation,England has fully utilized its own advantages and mobilized national power to actively intervene in the tobacco industry.Finally a transatlantic tobacco market centered on England was formed.England almost monopolized the two most crucial elements of tobacco production:the labor and land.They managed to lower tobacco prices through large-scale production and quickly captured the hearts of middle and lower-class consumers with mid-range tobacco in a short time.Meanwhile,they are committed to monopolizing the domestic tobacco procurement and transportation,and exploring domestic and international consumer markets.Ultimately,a trade system was formed where both tobacco production and consumption were dominated by England.Under this market system,England was the biggest beneficiary.They created a huge transatlantic demand market and then met the demand through large-scale production.However,resources and wealth from other regions kept flowing into England.It promoted the primitive accumulation of English capital and stimulated Egnlish society to move from commercial capitalism to industrial capitalism.
出处
《外国问题研究》
2026年第1期96-114,159,160,共21页
FOREIGN HISTORY STUDIES
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“近代早期英国金融创新与资本主义的成长研究”(编号:23ASS002)。
