摘要
董事对债权人责任具有非统一性基础,现有单一责任性质说难以实现《公司法》第191条的规范目的。以公司偿付能力变化为视角,董事对债权人责任体系具有多元构造。公司偿付能力下降将会导致董事对债权人责任范围的扩张。在偿付能力充足阶段,董事仅在以谋取个人利益为目的实施侵害行为,并且造成债权人直接损害的情形下承担独立的个人侵权责任。在偿付能力不足阶段,董事的信义义务并未发生转向,而是因违约、缔约过失以及侵权行为向债权人承担责任。《公司法》第191条的适用范围并非一成不变,随着公司组织秩序的逐渐稳定,董事对债权人责任范围也将动态缩小。
The liability of directors to creditors rests on a non-uniform foundation,and the existing mono-liability theory struggles to achieve the regulatory objectives of Article 191 of the Company Law.Viewed through the lens of changes in a company's solvency,the liability framework for directors to creditors exhibits a multi-faceted structure.A decline in corporate solvency expands the scope of directors'liability to creditors.During periods of sufficient solvency,directors bear independent tort liability only when they commit infringements for personal gain that directly damage creditors.During periods of insufficient solvency,directors'fiduciary duties remain unchanged,but they become liable to creditors for breach of contract,negligence in contracting,and torts.The applicable scope of Article 191 of the Company Law is not static.As the corporate organizational structure stabilizes,the scope of directors'liability to creditors will dynamically narrow.
出处
《北方法学》
2026年第1期135-148,共14页
Northern Legal Science
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“民法典与国家治理体系现代化研究”(24&ZD126)的阶段性成果。
关键词
董事责任
债权人利益
偿付能力
信义义务
director liability
interests of creditors
solvency
fiduciary duty
