摘要
【目的】水安全是可持续发展的重要基石,与人类福祉密切相关。国家公园作为典型生态功能区,厘清其内部各类水生态系统服务之间复杂的相互作用机制,是实现区域水安全协同管理的科学基础。【方法】本文基于InVEST模型、PLS-SEM模型、Spearman相关分析和地理探测器等方法,系统分析了2000—2022年海南热带雨林国家公园4类水生态系统服务(产水量、水源涵养、土壤保持与水质净化)的时空演变特征及权衡/协同关系,识别了关键驱动因素,并据此提出可持续空间规划与管理启示。【结果】①2000—2022年,海南热带雨林国家公园的产水量、水源涵养与土壤保持3项水生态系统服务整体状况向好,但水质净化功能略有下降;水生态系统服务呈现显著的空间异质性特征,五指山—黎母岭山脉一带的水生态功能优于丘陵平原区域;②除产水量与土壤保持、水源涵养与土壤保持之间为权衡关系外,其余水生态系统服务间以协同关系为主,Spearman相关系数波动较小,尤以水源涵养与水质净化之间的协同性最强;③气候变化与景观格局对4类水生态系统服务均具有直接的正向影响,且解释力最强;人类活动则表现为直接的负向影响,解释力最弱。【结论】海南热带雨林国家公园的水生态系统服务总体呈现改善趋势,其权衡/协同关系受气候变化与景观格局的影响及其交互作用较为显著,而人类活动的直接作用相对有限。本文从制度构建、空间规划、生态管理与环境监测4个方面提出了国家公园水生态系统服务的治理框架,未来应进一步构建融合区域生态保护与空间治理需求的水生态安全格局优化理论架构,为维护国家公园水生态系统的完整与稳定、推进国土空间可持续治理提供重要理论支撑。
[Objective]Water security is an important cornerstone of sustainable development and is closely associated with human well-being.As national parks are typical ecological functional areas,it is important to clarify the complex interaction mechanisms among their various water ecosystem services,which forms the scientific basis for achieving coordinated management of regional water security.[Methods]Based on the InVEST model,PLS-SEM model,Spearman correlation analysis and geographical detector method,this study systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and trade-offs/synergies of four key water ecosystem services(water yield,water conservation,soil retention,and water purification)in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest from 2000 to 2022,identified key driving factors,and provided insights for sustainable spatial planning and management.[Results](1)From 2000 to 2022,the overall status of three water ecosystem services—water yield,soil retention,and water conservation—in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest improved,while the water purification function slightly declined.The water ecosystem services exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity,with the Wuzhi Mountain-Limuling Mountain range showing better water ecological functions than the hilly and plain areas.(2)Except for water yield and soil retention,other water ecosystem services were dominated by synergies with small fluctuations in correlation coefficients,and the synergy between water purification and water conservation was the strongest.(3)Climate change and landscape patterns directly and positively impacted all four water ecosystem services with the strongest explanatory power,while human activities showed a direct negative impact with the weakest explanatory power.[Conclusion]The water ecosystem services in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest generally show an improving trend.This change is significantly influenced by the interaction between climate change and landscape patterns,while the direct impact of human activities is relatively limited.This study proposes a governance framework for water ecosystem services in national parks from four aspects:institutional construction,spatial planning,ecological management,and environmental monitoring.In the future,a theoretical framework for optimizing the water ecological security pattern should be further developed,integrating the needs of regional ecological conservation and spatial governance.This will provide important theoretical support for maintaining the integrity and stability of water ecosystems in national parks and promoting the sustainable governance of territorial space.
作者
王培家
马小宾
陈丹
杨良健
陶洁怡
王昶
WANG Peijia;MA Xiaobin;CHEN Dan;YANG Liangjian;TAO Jieyi;WANG Chang(School of Culture and Tourism,Hefei University,Hefei 230601,China;College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Sociology,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《资源科学》
北大核心
2026年第2期334-348,共15页
Resources Science
基金
合肥大学人才科研基金项目(24RC65)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(42201238)
安徽省社会科学创新发展研究课题(2023CX057)。
