摘要
当代小说《群》是一部描绘“海洋”驱使海生物对人类展开报复的科幻“启示录”。相对于19世纪想象人类征服星辰大海的科幻小说,21世纪的海洋生态科幻在观念上出现了重大变化:人们从对同构式的“人类—技术—二元”等的推崇,转变为了对“生态—自然—多元”的考察和承认。同时,全球化的不断深化也让人类社会成为了一个整体性的“风险社会”,其典型的消极后果便如《群》中所展现的,内陆国度在海洋的攻击面前,也不得不承受和海边国家一样的毁灭性灾难。小说批判了将人与海洋和自然分隔开的二元思维,试图展现生态的“系统性”,并强调人类应成为整体自然中一员的“生态的人”。然而,在未来的生态方案中,如“深层生态学”等所主张的谨慎预防原则仍需反思。而从遵循一种现实的“敛合性”原则出发,或许更有助于人类走出生态困境。
The contemporary novel The Swarm is a sci-fi apocalypse to depict that the ocean drives the sea creatures to retaliate against humans.Compared with the 19th-century science fiction that envisions the humankind's conquest of the oceans and stars,major changes happen to the ideas in the 21st-century science fiction on oceanic ecology.The high praise for the isomorphic"human-technology-dualism"has transformed into the investigation and recognition of"ecology-nature-diversity".Also,the continual deepening of globalization has turned human society into an overall"risk society".Its typical negative consequence,as shown in The Swarm,is that inland countries have to suffer from the same devastating disaster as coastal countries in the face of the attack of the sea.The novel criticizes the dualistic thinking that separates man from the ocean and nature,attempting to display the"systematicity"of ecology while emphasizing that the human beings should become an"ecological man"in the nature.However,the precautionary principle advocated by"deep ecology"and others still needs to be pondered in the future ecological schemes.It may be more helpful for human beings to start from following a realistic"principle of convergence"so as to walk out of the ecological predicament.
作者
王一平
WANG Yiping(College of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China)
出处
《海南大学学报(社会科学版)》
2026年第2期221-229,共9页
Journal of Hainan University (Humanities & Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(18CWW022)。
关键词
科幻
生态
海洋
弗兰克·施茨廷
《群》
science fiction
ecology
ocean
Frank Schätzing
The Swarm
