摘要
目的分析婴幼儿及学龄前儿童肥胖的影响因素,为早期儿童肥胖防控提供科学依据。方法于2021年1月至2025年1月以北京市226个社区和200所幼儿园为群组单位,随机抽取10个群组,对群组内的1920例0~6岁婴幼儿及学龄前儿童进行问卷调查,收集儿童肥胖相关因素资料。比较不同体重儿童肥胖相关因素差异,并采用多因素logistic回归分析婴幼儿及学龄前儿童肥胖的影响因素。结果共发放1920份调查问卷,有效回收1813份,有效回收率94.43%。1813例儿童中超重201例(11.09%)、肥胖143例(7.89%),超重/肥胖率为18.97%。与正常体重儿童比较,超重/肥胖儿童男性、婴儿期过早添加辅食、存在不良进食习惯比例及母亲BMI更高,日均户外活动时间更短,日均看电视时间更长,且睡眠时间过短、维生素A、D补充量不足比例更高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,睡眠时间过短,维生素A、D补充量不足及婴儿期过早添加辅食、存在不良进食习惯是婴幼儿及学龄前儿童肥胖的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论预防儿童肥胖需采取综合性干预措施,应建立涵盖营养、睡眠与行为的早期防控策略。
Objective To analyze the influencing factors of obesity in infants and preschool children,thereby providing a scientific basis for the early prevention and control of childhood obesity.Methods From January 2021 to January 2025,226 communities and 200 kindergartens in Beijing served as cluster units.Ten clusters were randomly selected,and a total of 1920 children aged 0-6 years old within these clusters were included in a questionnaire survey to collect data on obesity-related factors.Differences in these factors were compared among children with different weight statuses.Subsequently,multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the influencing factors of obesity in infants and preschool children.Results A total of 1920 questionnaires were distributed,with 1813 valid responses returned,yielding an effective response rate of 94.43%.Among the 1813 children,201(11.09%)were overweight and 143(7.89%)were obese,resulting in a combined overweight/obesity rate of 18.97%.Compared with children of normal weight,those who were overweight/obese had a higher proportion of males,early introduction of complementary foods during infancy poor eating habits,and higher maternal BMI.They also exhibited shorter daily outdoor activity time,longer daily screen time(TV viewing),and higher proportions of insufficient sleep duration and inadequate intake of vitamins A and D.These differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that insufficient sleep duration,inadequate intake of vitamins A and D,early introduction of complementary foods during infancy,and poor eating habits were risk factors for obesity in infants and preschool children(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevention of childhood obesity requires the implementation of comprehensive interventions.It is essential to establish an early prevention strategy encompassing nutrition,sleep,and behavior.
作者
李雪峰
魏守刚
LI Xuefeng;WEI Shougang(School of Public Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)
出处
《重庆医学》
2026年第3期656-662,共7页
Chongqing Medical Journal
