摘要
针对传统料仓称重方式中测量误差大、自动化程度低的问题,设计了一种基于STM32的料仓称重监控系统。采用模块化设计,硬件由主控模块、A/D转换器、通信模块、传感器模块、信号放大器与电源模块等组成,可完成称重信号的稳定采集与可靠传输。上位机监控平台实现称重数据实时显示、历史曲线与报表统计,支持参数配置与数据存储,并提供异常报警与故障诊断功能,便于运维管理与质量追溯。针对物料下落冲击、设备振动和偏载引起的称重波动,系统采用限幅滤波算法抑制采集信号毛刺干扰,同时建立误差补偿模型对系统性偏差进行校正,从而提高称重结果的稳定性与一致性。由仿真试验可知,监测质量与实际质量误差分布于0.12%~0.40%窄幅区间。现场试验结果表明,监测质量与实际质量误差最小值为0,最大值为3.43%,平均值为1.52%,均小于4%。系统能有效缓解下落冲击力导致的称重偏大问题,并对停料时空中滞留造成的不可计量现象进行修正,可为粗细两阶段给料控制提供可靠反馈,满足料仓称重监测与过程控制需求,具有良好的工程应用价值与扩展性。
To address the issues of significant measurement errors and insufficient automation in traditional weighing methods for material silos,an STM32-based weighing monitoring system for silos was designed.The system adopted a modular architecture,with hardware comprising a main control module,A/D converter,communication module,sensor module,signal amplifier,and power supply module,enabling stable acquisition and reliable transmission of weighing signals.The host computer monitoring platform provided real-time display of weighing data,historical trend graphs,and report statistics,supported parameter configuration and data storage,and offered abnormal alarm and fault diagnosis functions to facilitate maintenance management and quality traceability.To mitigate weighing fluctuations caused by material impact during unloading,equipment vibration,and uneven loading,the system employed a limiting filter algorithm to suppress glitch interference in the acquired signals,while establishing an error compensation model to correct systematic deviations,thereby improving the stability and consistency of weighing results.Acoording to simulation experiments,the error distribution between monitoring quality and actual quality was within a narrow range of 0.12%-0.40%.Field test results indicated that the percentage error of monitored mass ranges from a minimum of 0 to a maximum of 3.43%,with an average of 1.52%,all errors between actual and monitored mass being below 4%.The system effectively alleviates the issue of overestimation due to impact forces during material fall and corrects unmeasurable phenomena caused by material suspension during feeding interruptions.It provides reliable feedback for coarse and fine two-stage feeding control,meeting the requirements for silo weighing monitoring and process control,and demonstrates considerable engineering application value and scalability.
作者
李海涛
Li Haitao(Qiqihar Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Sciences,Qiqihar 161005,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2026年第7期211-218,252,共9页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业特色产业科技创新支撑项目(CX23TS35)。
