摘要
海草床生态系统具有重要的生态服务功能,分析其受威胁状况及影响因素,有利于针对性地提出海草床生态系统的保护策略。文章聚焦于海南岛海草床生态系统,结合调查数据、历史资料和文献,采用国际自然保护联盟(international union for conservation of nature,IUCN)生态系统红色名录评估方法对海南岛地区海草床生态系统进行受威胁状况评估,确定其濒危程度,并探讨了人类活动和自然因素对其影响,提出相应的保护对策。研究结果显示,文昌和三亚地区海草床生态系统面临极危的严峻形势,陵水地区海草床生态系统受威胁等级为濒危,琼海地区海草床生态系统目前处于易危状态,而澄迈地区和儋州地区海草床生态系统分别处于近危和无危状态。海南岛海草床生态系统面临着多重压力,其中围填海及渔业捕捞活动是导致其受损的主导因素,其次为污水排放和水产养殖带来的环境压力,而热带气旋等气候变化因素亦对其造成一定影响。鉴于此,本研究提出了加强规范渔业活动方式、海草无性繁殖研究、长期监测海草健康状况和开展生态连通性研究等建议,旨在促进海南岛海草床生态系统的可持续发展。
Seagrass bed ecosystems have important ecological service functions,and analyzing their threat degree and influencing factors is helpful for proposing targeted conservation strategies for these ecosystems.Focusing on the seagrass bed ecosystem of Hainan Island,this study integrates survey data,historical records,and literature.The IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature)Red List of Ecosystems assessment method was adopted to evaluate the threat status of these ecosystems,determine their degree of endangerment and explore the impacts of both human activities and natural factors.Corresponding conservation countermeasures are proposed.The results show that the seagrass bed ecosystems in Wenchang and Sanya are facing a Critically Endangered(CR)situation,while those in Lingshui are Endangered(EN).Ecosystems in Qionghai are assessed as Vulnerable(VU),while those in Chengmai and Danzhou are classified as Near Threatened(NT)and Least Concern(LC),respectively.The seagrass bed ecosystem across Hainan Island is under multiple pressures,with coastal reclamation and fishing activities being the dominant factors of degradation,followed by environmental pressures imposed by sewage discharge and aquaculture.Additionally,climate change factors,such as tropical cyclones,also exert a certain degree of influence.In view of this,this study proposes strengthening the regulation of fishing activities,advancing research on seagrass asexual reproduction,and establishing long-term monitoring of seagrass health and ecological connectivity to promote the sustainable development of the seagrass bed ecosystem in Hainan Island.
作者
任静
江志坚
陈国科
亓文倩
龙旭
刘松林
吴云超
黄小平
REN Jing;JIANG Zhijian;CHEN Guoke;QI Wenqian;LONG Xu;LIU Songlin;WU Yunchao;HUANG Xiaoping(State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology(South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences),Guangzhou 510301,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station,Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sanya 572000,China;Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province,Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sanya 572100,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)
出处
《热带海洋学报》
北大核心
2026年第2期191-204,共14页
Journal of Tropical Oceanography
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1301402)
海南省自然科学基金项目(425CXTD622)
国家自然科学基金项目(42176158、U25A20795、42576139)
广东省科技计划项目(2024B1212050003、2023B1212060047)
中国科学院南海海洋研究所自主部署项目(SCSIO2023QY04)。
关键词
海草床
生态系统红色名录
受威胁等级
保护与恢复
海南岛
seagrass bed
Red List of Ecosystems
threat status
conservation and restoration
Hainan Island
