摘要
水力发电作为重要的清洁可再生能源,在我国能源结构转型中发挥关键作用。水电装备核心过流部件长期面临空蚀与泥沙冲蚀的耦合损伤,严重影响了水电机组效率与服役寿命。利用表面材料强化技术在部件表面制备高性能涂层,可显著提升其耐空蚀、抗冲蚀能力,成为水电装备延寿增效的有效途径。本文综述了激光熔覆、超音速火焰喷涂、爆炸喷涂、等离子喷涂、冷喷涂、微波熔覆、热等静压、搅拌摩擦加工等多种表面强化技术的最新研究进展,系统总结了各类技术的涂层体系、强化机制与适用工况。未来研究应聚焦于过流部件用多尺度结构涂层设计、损伤机理与寿命预测及涂层智能设计与选型,以推动水电装备表面工程向更高效、高可靠和智能化方向发展。
As an important source of clean and renewable energy,hydropower plays a key role in the transformation of China's energy structure.The core flow passage components of hydropower equipment have long faced coupling damage from cavitation and sediment erosion,which seriously affects the efficiency and service life of hydropower units.Preparing high-performance coatings for surface modification utilizing the surface material strengthening technology can significantly improve their resistance to cavitation and erosion.It has become as an effective pathway to extend the life and increase the efficiency of hydropower equipment.This paper reviews the latest research progress in various surface strengthening technologies,including laser cladding,high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying,detonation spraying,plasma spraying,cold spraying,microwave cladding,hot isostatic pressing,and friction stir processing.It systematically summarizes the coating systems,strengthening mechanisms,and applicable working conditions of these technologies.Future research should focus on the coating design,damage mechanisms and life prediction of multi-scale structural coatings for flow passage components,as well as the intelligent design and selection of coatings,aiming to promote the development of hydropower equipment surface engineering towards higher efficiency,reliability,and intelligence.
作者
常嘉硕
王星星
张雷
土比木乃
温暖
于小四
康聪芳
石如星
王帅
孙华为
葛新峰
李贵勋
陈小明
张自超
CHANG Jiashuo;WANG Xingxing;ZHANG Lei;TUBI Munai;WEN Nuan;YU Xiaosi;KANG Congfang;SHI Ruxing;WANG Shuai;SUN Huawei;GE Xinfeng;LI Guixun;CHEN Xiaoming;ZHANG Zichao(Henan International Joint Laboratory of High-efficiency Special Green Welding,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450045,China;National Key Laboratory of High-Performance New Welding Materials,China Academy of Machinery Zhengzhou Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Dongfang Electric Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan Deyang 618000,China;Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;China Railway Seventh Group Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450007,China;Yellow River Water Conservancy and Hydropower Development Corporation,Henan Jiyuan 459017,China;CITIC Heavy Industries Co.,Ltd.,Henan Luoyang 471033,China;School of Electrical and Power Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Hangzhou Mechanical Design Research Institute,Ministry of Water Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China)
出处
《精密成形工程》
北大核心
2026年第3期220-238,共19页
Journal of Netshape Forming Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(52475347)
河南省重点研发计划(251111222600)
中原科技创新领军人才项目(254200510047)
河南省基础研究专项(26ZX018)
河南省高端外国专家引进项目(HNGD2025026)
河南省国际科技合作项目(242102521057)。
关键词
水电装备
过流部件
表面强化
激光熔覆
超音速火焰喷涂
hydropower equipment
flow passage components
surface strengthening
laser cladding
high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying
