摘要
本文基于先秦至汉代的历时语料,对“禁止”的句法组合与语义演变进行考察,讨论其结构类型、演变路径与成词时间。先秦文献中的“禁”与“止”,既可构成并列式连谓,也可构成带有“动作—结果”序列的连动式组合;就用例分布与语义顺承关系看,连动式更为突出。战国晚期以后,“禁止”共宾结构的御用情况显著增多,“禁/止”之间的语义分工逐渐固定为“行为—结果”的纵向序列,使该组合在连动基础上出现了向动结式凝固的倾向;同时,“禁止”开始与单音节动词处于同一句法槽位,整体性增强。至东汉时期,“禁止”已稳定为常用双音节动词,“止”的自动义弱化,整体意义更接近“禁”的他动使令义。综上,“禁止”的结构演变路径可概括为:先秦并列/连动并存→战国末连动优势化并出现动结化趋向→东汉双音节动词定型。
This paper investigates the diachronic syntactic and semantic development of JinZhi(禁止)from the pre-Qin to the Han period,focusing on its structural types,evolutionary path,and the timing of lexicalization.In pre-Qin texts,“禁止”occurred as both a coordinate verb sequence and a serial verb construction.The coordinate type reflects two semantically aligned actions,while the serial type is more prominent in distribution and typically presents an action-result sequence in which“禁”“to prohibit”denotes the prohibitive act and“止”“to stop”denotes the resultant state.From the late Warring States period onward,object-sharing patterns of“禁止”increase markedly,providing a syntactic basis for the serial construction to gain dominance.Meanwhile,the semantic division between“禁”and“止”becomes more fixed,and the overall meaning of“禁止”tends to align with the causative,transitive sense of“禁”,which facilitates a tendency toward a verb-result compound.In addition,“禁止”begins to occupy the same syntactic slot as many monosyllabic verbs,indicating strengthened internal bonding and higher lexical integrity.By the Eastern Han period,“禁止”had stabilized as a common disyllabic verb;the intransitive meaning of“止”was significantly weakened,and the compound functioned as a lexicalized verb form.
作者
刘艳云
Liu Yanyun(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing,100084)
出处
《语文学刊》
2026年第1期43-48,共6页
Journal of Language and Literature Studies
基金
清华大学自主科研计划文科专项“数据驱动的明清民族共同语与方言演变研究”(2024THZWJC21)阶段性研究成果。
关键词
禁止
结构演变
并列结构
连动结构
动结式
JinZhi(禁止)
coordinate structure
serial verb construction
verb-result construction
