摘要
目的探究唐山地区2021—2023年无偿献血者的乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染临床分布特征及影响因素,为后续开展无偿献血者HBV感染防控工作提供参考依据。方法选取2021年1月—2023年12月唐山地区血液中心33765例无偿献血者的血液标本作为研究样本,描述性分析无偿献血者的临床分布特征、HBV筛查阳性率以及无偿献血者的HBV感染率变化情况,采用多因素logistic回归分析无偿献血者HBV感染影响因素。结果无偿献血主要人群为年龄≥36岁(56.46%)、女性(53.55%)、大专及以上文化程度(59.83%)、婚姻状态为未婚/离异(50.09%)、汉族(50.97%)、重复献血(65.68%)、学生(20.29%)、企业人员(17.58%)、城市户口(67.01%)。33765例无偿献血样本中HBV筛查阳性率为0.85%,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、核酸检测(nucleic acid test,NAT)阳性检出率分别为0.74%、0.11%。2022年唐山地区无偿献血者HBV感染率最高,为1.08%,高于2023年的0.62%(χ^(2)=14.316,P<0.001)。多因素logistic分析显示,年龄≥36岁(OR=4.780,95%CI:2.503~9.126)、男性(OR=7.587,95%CI:3.925~14.666)、中专及以下文化程度(OR=3.554,95%CI:2.562~7.589)、初次献血(OR=2.406,95%CI:1.437~5.634)、农民与工人(OR=2.973,95%CI:1.631~5.420)、城市居住(OR=3.659,95%CI:1.923~6.960)为无偿献血者HBV感染的危险因素。结论2021—2023年唐山地区无偿献血者HBV感染率整体呈先上升后下降趋势,与年龄、既往献血情况、性别、文化程度、居住地、职业等生活因素密切相关。
Objective To explore the clinical distribution characteristics and influencing factors of Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in voluntary blood donors in Tangshan Region from 2021 to 2023,and to provide a reference basis for the subsequent prevention and control of HBV infection in voluntary blood donors.Methods A total of 33765 blood specimens from voluntary blood donors in Tangshan Regional Blood Center from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the study samples.The clinical distribution characteristics of voluntary blood donors,the positive rate of HBV screening,and the changes in the infection rate of HBV among voluntary blood donors were descriptively analyzed.Multifactorial logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of HBV infection in voluntary blood donors.Results The main population of voluntary blood donation was aged≥36 years old(56.46%),female(53.55%),college education level or above(59.83%),marital status of unmarried/divorced(50.09%),Han(50.97%),repeated blood donation(65.68%),students(20.29%),enterprise personnel(17.58%),urban household registration(67.01%).Among the 33765 samples of voluntary blood donors,the positive rate of HBV screening was 0.85%,and the positive detection rates of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and nucleic acid test(NAT)were 0.74%and 0.11%,respectively.The infection rate of HBV among voluntary blood donors in Tangshan Region was the highest in 2022,at 1.08%,higher than that of 0.62%in 2023(χ^(2)=14.316,P<0.001).Multifactorial logistic analysis showed that age≥36 years old(OR=4.780,95%CI:2.503-9.126),male(OR=7.587,95%CI:3.925-14.666),secondary specialized school education level or below(OR=3.554,95%CI:2.562-7.589),primary blood donation(OR=2.406,95%CI:1.437-5.634),farmers and workers(OR=2.973,95%CI:1.631-5.420),and urban living(OR=3.659,95%CI:1.923-6.960)were the risk factors for HBV infection in voluntary blood donors.Conclusion The infection rate of HBV among voluntary blood donors shows an overall trend of increasing and then decreasing in Tangshan Region from 2021 to 2023,which is closely related to age,previous situation of blood donation,gender,education level,place of residence,occupation and other life factors.
作者
马莉
王璟
彭淑春
周红艳
杜晓晓
王洪丹
李响
MA Li;WANG Jing;PENG Shuchun;ZHOU Hongyan;DU Xiaoxiao;WANG Hongdan;LI Xiang(Department of Quality Control,Tangshan Central Blood Station,Tangshan,Hebei 063000,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2026年第1期100-104,共5页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20221839)。
关键词
无偿献血者
HBV
影响因素
酶联免疫吸附试验
核酸检测
流行病学
调查
分析
Voluntary blood donor
HBV
Influencing factor
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Nucleic acid testing
Epidemiology
Investigation
Analysis
