摘要
目的 分析铜川市乙肝疫苗查漏补种项目实施后HBV感染状况,为制定乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)防控措施提供依据。方法 于2023年采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取铜川市17~58岁常住人口进行现场调查、采集血清标本,对18~58岁人群同时开展调查问卷。根据年龄、乙肝疫苗接种情况,将调查对象分为常规组、补种组和未种组进行比较。定性资料采用率进行描述,组间比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果 调查对象1 238人中乙肝疫苗接种率为55.49%,乙肝疫苗查漏补种率为14.46%。调查对象的HBV感染率为33.12%。调查显示,778人(66.27%)接受过乙肝疫苗接种政策宣传,18~58岁人群对“乙肝患者的家人是否需要立即接种疫苗?”和“HBV可以经输血或者血液制品传播吗?”的知晓率,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.105,P=0.047;χ^(2)=19.943,P<0.001)。18~58岁人群的乙肝防控知识平均得分,差异有统计学意义(H=13.827,P=0.001)。结论 铜川市乙肝疫苗查漏补种率较低,HBV抗体水平无明显升高,HBV感染率无明显降低,人群的乙肝认知水平较低,需联合多部门、采取多途径进行乙肝防控知识宣传,以提高人群的乙肝防治意识和认知水平。
Objective To analyze the infection status of HBV after the implementation of leak detection and catch-up vaccination project of hepatitis B vaccine in Tongchuan City,and to provide a basis for formulating viral hepatitis B(referred to as hepatitis B)prevention and control measures.Methods A multistage stratified random sampling method was used to select the permanent population aged 17-58 years old in Tongchuan City for on-site surveys,and their serum samples were collected.A questionnaire was administered simultaneously to people aged 18-58 years old.According to age and vaccination status of hepatitis B vaccine,the subjects were divided into a routine group,a supplementary vaccination group,and an unvaccinated group for comparison.Qualitative data were described using rates,and comparisons between groups were performed using the Chi-square test or Fisher's precision probability method.Results Among the 1238 respondents,the inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccine was 55.49%,and the rate of leak detection and catch-up vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine was 14.46%.The infection rate of HBV among the subjects was 33.12%.The survey showed that 778 people(66.27%)had received publicity about the hepatitis B vaccination policy.There was a statistically significant difference in the awareness rates among the population aged 18-58 years old regarding the questions of"Do family members of hepatitis B patients need to be vaccinated immediately?"and"Can HBV be transmitted through blood transfusions or blood products?"(2=6.105,=P=0.047;χ^(2)=19.943,P<0.001).The average score of hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge among the population aged 18-58 years old,the difference was statistically significant(H=13.827,P=O.O01).Conclusion In Tongchuan City,the rate of leak detection and catch-up vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine is relatively low,the level of HBV antibody does not significantly increase,the infection rate of HBV does not significantly decrease,the level of awareness of hepatitis B in the population is relatively low.It should collaborate with multiple departments and adopt various ways to disseminate knowledge about hepatitis B prevention and control,so as to improve the public's consciousness and awareness level of hepatitis B prevention and treatment.
作者
梁丽琳
胡改霞
刘新利
董志超
刘毅
王君
张文华
LIANG Lilin;HU Gaixia;LIU Xinli;DONG Zhichao;LIU Yi;WANG Jun;ZHANG Wenhua(Department of Immunization Programme,Tongchuan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tongchuan,Shaanxi 727031,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2026年第2期138-142,共5页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
中国肝炎防治基金会中国乙肝防控科研基金资助项目(YGFK20210053)。
关键词
乙肝
疫苗
查漏补种
接种率
知晓率
效果分析
Hepatitis B
Vaccine
Leak detection and catch-up vaccination
Inoculation rate
Awareness rate
Effectiveness analysis
