摘要
文章把连读变调分为由重音音节与中/轻音音节结合产生的一般变调以及由轻声音节引起的特殊变调两类。我们认为轻声隶属于声调层面,只与音高相关,把前字决定连调语音形式,后字调类中和作为判定轻声最重要的线索。这样,轻声音节在词重音层面可以是轻音,也可以不是轻音;轻音指和重读音节相对的非重读音节,隶属于词重音层面,与音高、音长、音色、音强四要素都相关。据此,以普通话、重庆话、濮阳话分别作为北京官话、西南官话、中原官话的代表,通过对孤立两字组的连读变调的考察,我们认为汉语方言具备词重音,分为正常重音和弱重音两级。从韵律系统的类型学看汉语方言的轻声和轻音现象,可以得出汉语方言词重音基本有一个韵律类型推移的规律:中原官话>>西南官话>>北京官话>>吴语。
This paper identifies two types of tone sandhi:a general pattern that arises when a stressed syllable combines with a moderately or weakly stressed syllable,and a special pattern triggered by neutral-tone syllables.With regard to the neutral tone,we argue that it belongs to the tonal tier and is therefore related solely to pitch.Its primary cues for identification come from sandhi sequences,in which the first syllable determines the phonetic form of the sandhi pattern,while the following syllable has its underlying tonal category neutralized.Consequently,at the level of lexical stress,a neutral-tone syllable may or may not carry weak stress.Weak stress refers to an unstressed syllable in contrast to a stressed one.It belongs to the stress tier and involves all four phonetic dimensions—pitch,duration,timbre,and intensity.Accordingly,Mandarin,the Chongqing dialect(重庆话),and the Puyang dialect(濮阳话)were taken as representative varieties of Beijing Mandarin(北京官话),Southwest Mandarin,and Zhongyuan Mandarin(中原官话),in order to examine the tone sandhi of isolated disyllabic words.We posit that Chinese dialects display lexical stress,which can be divided into two levels:normal stress and weak stress.Furthermore,considering neutral tone and weak stress within the typological framework of prosodic systems,we conclude that lexical stress in Chinese dialects exhibits a basic trajectory of prosodic shift:Zhongyuan Mandarin(中原官话)>>Southwest Mandarin>>Beijing Mandarin(北京官话)>>Wu(吴语).
作者
胡会娟
HU Hui-juan(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《语言研究》
北大核心
2026年第1期21-27,共7页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“面向语言生态学的语言接触知识库研究”(22JJD740002)
中国博士后科学基金第77批面上资助“基于中原官话郑开片重新探讨汉语方言的轻声不轻现象”(2025M773832)。
关键词
汉语方言
轻声
轻音
词重音
Chinese dialect
Neutral tone
Weak stress
Word stress
