摘要
针对矿山生态修复面临的地形复杂、土壤贫瘠、效率低下及专用装备缺乏等问题,需要开发一种高效、低成本、适于机械化作业的矿山植被恢复的新方法,以克服传统技术的局限性。为此,提出一种创新型矿区植被恢复策略,该策略的装置由育种绳和铺设装置2个模块组成,育种绳可以预先在工厂进行标准化生产,然后通过铺设装置将育种绳铺设在植被修补处。通过植树效率和经济效益评估其植树恢复效果。研究表明,新方法种植效率达200~260 m2/h,综合成本约为50元/m^(2)。在治理矿区时,新方法耗时比挂网喷播等技术耗时少,陡坡大的工况下优势更显著。动力学仿真验证,驱动轴工作扭矩小于12.2 kN·m,满足强度设计要求,液压系统最大载荷小于25 kN且留有充足裕度,表明装备核心部件的可靠性。该育种绳技术与配套装备,为矿山生态修复提供可量化、可推广的高效解决方案,该方案显著提升了植树效率及经济效益,对推动矿山绿化从人工模式向机械化、规模化转型具有重要意义。
Mine ecological restoration faces challenges such as complex terrain,poor soil quality,low efficiency,and a lack of specialized equipment.This study aims to develop a new,efficient,low-cost,and mechanization-friendly vegetation restoration method for mines to overcome the limitations of traditional techniques.An innovative vegetation restoration strategy for mining areas is proposed.The device of this strategy consists of two modules:a breeding rope and a laying device.The breeding rope can be pre-produced standardized in factories and then deployed at vegetation restoration sites using the laying device.The effectiveness of afforestation restoration is compared in terms of efficiency and economic benefits.The study demonstrates that the new method achieves a planting efficiency of 200-260 m^(2)/h,with a comprehensive cost of approximately RMB 50 per square meter.In mine restoration,the new method requires less time compared to techniques such as spray seeding with mesh reinforcement,with its advantages becoming more pronounced on steeper slopes.Kinetic simulations verifies the reliability of the core components of the equipment:the working torque of the drive shaft is less than 12.2 kN·m,meeting strength design requirements,and the maximum load of the hydraulic system is less than 25 kN with sufficient margin.The breeding rope technology and its supporting equipment provide a quantifiable and scalable efficient solution for mine ecological restoration.This approach significantly enhances afforestation efficiency and economic benefits,playing a crucial role in advancing the transformation of mine greening from manual methods to mechanized and large-scale operations.
作者
孟兆新
马天元
李明
姜涛
MENG Zhaoxin;MA Tianyuan;LI Ming;JIANG Tao(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)
出处
《森林工程》
北大核心
2026年第2期340-347,共8页
Forest Engineering
关键词
矿山生态恢复
机械化作业
种植效率
育种绳
铺设装置
陡坡工况
成本分析
仿真验证
Mine ecological restoration
mechanized operation
planting efficiency
breeding rope
laying device
steep slope condition
cost analysis
simulation verification
