摘要
科技惠益分享权是指人人享有的分享科技所衍生的利益及福利的权利。该权利根植于国际人权法体系,具有维护个体权益、促进社会正义与落实国家发展目标等价值。该权利的主体兼具普遍性与特殊性,权利内容包括公平获得科技惠益权、参与科技治理权和免受科技伤害权,义务主体则由国家以及企业与国际组织等非国家行为体组成,义务内容体现在尊重、保护与实现三重维度。我国在该权利保障上已建立软法与硬法协同的多层次规范系统,基本形成创新激励与公平分配相协调的治理格局,但在制度建设和制度实施层面仍然存在短板。为保障人人更加充分地享有科技带来的惠益,我国应当通过权利的明确宣示促进公平获得科技惠益权的实现质效,以科学素养提升和参与机制完善促进参与科技治理权保障,以科技伦理审查为重心加强免受科技伤害权保障。
The right to share the benefits of science and technology refers to the universal right of every individual to share the benefits and welfare derived from scientific and technological advancement.Rooted in the international human rights law system,this right embodies core values such as safeguarding individual rights and interests,advancing social equity and justice,implementing national development goals.The subjects of this right are characterized by both universality and particularity.Its substantive content encompasses the right to fair access to the benefits of scientific progress and its applications,the right to participate in science and technology governance,and the right to be free from scientific and technological harm.The duty bearers consist of the state as well as non-state actors,including enterprises and international organizations,with their obligations manifesting across the tripartite dimensions of“respect,protect,and fulfill.”Regarding the protection of this right,China has established a multi-tiered normative system characterized by the synergy between“soft law”and“hard law,”largely fostering a governance framework that balances innovation incentives with equitable distribution.However,gaps remain in institutional construction and implementation.To ensure the full enjoyment of scientific benefits for all,China should:enhance the efficacy of the right to fair access through explicit rights declarations,strengthen the right to participate in governance by promoting scientific literacy and refining participation mechanisms;and reinforce the right to be free from technological harm by prioritizing technological ethics oversight.
作者
宁立标
朱奎
NING Libiao;ZHU Kui(Law School,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《湖南大学学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2026年第2期120-129,共10页
Journal of Hunan University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目:数字技术惠益分享权的理论阐释与实现路径研究(25BFX020)。
关键词
科技惠益分享权
社会正义
共享理念
国家义务
法治
right to share the benefits of science and technology
social justice
concept of sharing
state obligation
rule of law
