摘要
采用粉末冶金材料代替45号钢后,缝纫机平衡块出现断裂和振动问题。对此,从结构强度与振动优化两方面展开研究。基于有限元方法建立缝纫机平衡块模型,应用Workbench软件进行静力学仿真,对比采用两种材料在额定载荷下的应力分布和变形。结合参数化建模与应力灵敏度分析,识别影响结构强度的关键设计变量。采用多目标遗传算法,以减小应力峰值和抑制变形为目标,完成结构优化。基于振动理论确定外载荷变量,通过调整缝纫机平衡块质量分布,抑制整机振动。最后通过对比试验,验证结构优化效果。在5 N·m拧紧力矩下,结构优化后缝纫机平衡块的最大主应力从482.69 MPa减小至229.37 MPa,减小幅度为52.5%,最大变形从0.024 mm减小至0.014 mm,减小幅度为41.7%。缝纫机平衡块结构优化后未出现裂纹,振动位移幅值没有恶化,机械强度与振动均满足要求。
After using powder metallurgy material instead of 45 steel,the sewing machine balance block experienced fracture and vibration problems.In this regard,research was conducted from two aspects i.e.structural strength and vibration optimization.The model of sewing machine balance block was established based on finite element method,and the Workbench software was applied for static simulation to compare the stress distribution and deformation of two materials under rated load.The key design variable that affects structural strength was identified by combining parametric modeling and stress sensitivity analysis.The multiobjective genetic algorithm was adopted to achieve structural optimization with the goal of reducing stress peak and suppressing deformation.Based on vibration theory,the external load variable was determined,and the overall vibration of the sewing machine was suppressed by adjusting the mass distribution of the sewing machine balance block.Finally,the structural optimization effect was verified through comparative experiment.Under a tightening torque of 5 N·m,the maximum principal stress of the sewing machine balance block after structural optimization decreased from 482.69 MPa to 229.37 MPa,with a reduction rate of 52.5%,and the maximum deformation decreased from 0.024mm to 0.014 mm,with a reduction rate of 41.7%.After optimizing the structure of the sewing machine balance block,no cracks appeared,and the vibration displacement amplitude did not deteriorate.The mechanical strength and vibration both met the requirements.
出处
《机械制造》
2026年第2期87-93,86,共8页
Machinery
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2024YFB4709300)。
关键词
缝纫机
平衡块
断裂
分析
结构
优化
Sewing Machine
Balance Block
Fracture
Analysis
Structure
Optimization
