摘要
当前,中美在南海、东海等重要水域的互动持续加剧,竞争同时发生在物质力量、国际规范与官方话语三个层面。本文构建了包含“物质、规范、话语”场域的战略分析框架,提出中美互动具有结构性非对称:美国以其在物质场域的优势为杠杆,并通过安全化叙事强化其规则解释与同盟动员;中国以规范场域的主权原则和话语场域的历史正义叙事为“锚链”,维护规范合法性,在对冲外部压力的同时,不断推进建设近海物质能力这股“浪潮”。为检验该理论,本文建立了涵盖两国2021年至2025年官方涉海战略文本的双语语料库,综合结构主题模型、情感分析与历时词嵌入等计算政治学方法开展测量。实证发现,两国话语主题分野清晰,分别映射了马汉式的全球公域控制思想与科贝特式的区域拒止战略文化。话语策略上,美国安全化修辞持续升级,中国叙事更强调合法性并保持较强稳定性;竞争的深层后果是关键战略概念的话语脱钩,双方在“稳定”“航行自由”“国际法”等概念上已形成语义分化,进而加剧了物质与规范场域的“安全困境”并提升战略误判风险。
Amid intensifying interactions between China and the United States in key waters such as the South China Sea and the East China Sea,competition increasingly unfolds across three interlinked arenas:material power,international norms,and official discourse.This article develops a strategic-analytic framework encompassing the material,normative,and discursive fields,and advances the argument that China-U.S.interaction is characterized by structural asymmetry.The United States leverages its advantages in the material field and amplifies rule interpretation and alliance mobilization through securitizing narratives.China,by contrast,anchors its strategy in sovereignty-based normative principles and a discourse of historical justice,preserving normative legitimacy while counterbalancing external pressure and steadily advancing near-seas material capabilities.To test this framework,the study constructs a bilingual corpus of official maritime strategy texts from both countries spanning 2021-2025 and applies computational political science methods-including structural topic modeling,sentiment analysis,and diachronic word embedding.The empirical results reveal a clear divergence in discursive themes,mapping respectively onto a Mahanian conception of global commons control and a Corbettian strategic culture of regional denial.In discursive practice,the U.S.securitizing rhetoric escalates over time,whereas Chinese narratives place greater emphasis on legitimacy and exhibit higher stability.A deeper consequence of this competition is discursive decoupling around key strategic concepts:notions such as“stability,”“freedom of navigation,”and“international law”have undergone semantic differentiation,thereby intensifying the“security dilemma”across the material and normative fields and heightening the risk of strategic misperception.
作者
梁昊光
秦清华
LIANG Haoguang;QIN Qinghua(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《太平洋学报》
北大核心
2026年第2期77-93,共17页
Pacific Journal
基金
国家社科基金重大研究专项项目“中美海上战略平衡和危机管控问题研究”(23VHQ006)。
关键词
中美海洋竞争
战略场域
话语分析
计算政治学
China-U.S.maritime competition
strategic fields
discourse analysis
computational political science
