摘要
为明确花期高温胁迫对玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系生长发育及产量的影响,以‘衡玉7182’、‘衡玉868’、‘先玉335’和‘郑单958’及其亲本自交系为试验材料,于吐丝前7 d开始高温胁迫(HT),持续处理14 d,以同期大田正常条件为对照(CK),测定穗发育、叶片保护酶、膜脂过氧化物及产量性状指标的变化,并利用多元统计分析对4个杂交种及其亲本自交系进行评价。结果表明:1)花期高温胁迫(HT)下,除‘衡玉7182’和‘衡玉868’及其父本自交系‘H 102’和‘H 40’的单株籽粒产量、穗粒数与CK无显著差异外,‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’及其他自交系单株籽粒产量和穗粒数均显著低于CK。2)HT的‘衡玉7182’、‘衡玉868’、‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’的雄穗分枝数、雄穗干重和雌穗长度均显著低于CK,其中‘衡玉7182’和‘衡玉868’的降幅均显著低于‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’;‘H 103’、‘H 102’、‘H 35’和‘H 40’的雌雄穗干重与CK无显著差异,‘H 102’的雄穗分枝数和‘H40’的雌穗长度与CK相比也均无显著差异。3)HT的‘衡玉7182’叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性下降不显著,‘衡玉868’的CAT活性下降幅度显著低于‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’;自交系‘H 102’叶片的SOD和CAT活性与CK相比均无显著差异,‘H 40’叶片的SOD活性与CK相比也无显著差异。4)综合相关性分析、灰色关联度分析和主成分分析发现,雄穗分枝数、穗粒数和雌穗干重可作为玉米杂交种及其亲本自交系耐热评价的主要指标。玉米自交系‘H 102’和‘H 40’的耐热性均显著优于‘昌7-2’和‘PH4CV’,具有较好的耐热性。因此,玉米自交系‘H 102’和‘H 40’可作为优良的耐热种质在育种中加以利用。
This study aimed to clarify the effects of high-temperature stress at the flowering stage on the growth,development and yield of maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines.Using‘Hengyu 7182’‘,Hengyu 868’,‘Xianyu 335’,‘Zhengdan 958’and their parental inbred lines as experimental materials,high-temperature stress(HT)was initiated at 7 d before silking and maintained for 14 d with plants grown under normal field conditions during the same period serving as the control(CK).Changes in ear development,leaf protective enzyme activities,membrane lipid peroxidation products,and yield-related traits were measured.The results showed that:1)Under high-temperature stress(HT)at the flowering stage,only‘Hengyu 7182’and‘Hengyu 868’and their paternal inbred lines‘H 102’and‘H 40’showed no significant differences in grain yield per plant and kernel number per ear compared with the CK,the grain yield per plant and kernel number per ear of‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’and their other inbred lines were significantly reduced.2)After high-temperature stress(HT),the number of tassel branches,tassel dry weight,and ear length of‘Hengyu 7182’,‘Hengyu 868’,‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’were all significantly lower than those of the CK.The reduction was smaller in‘Hengyu 7182’and‘Hengyu 868’than in‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’.No significant changes were observed in the dry weights of male and female ears for inbred lines‘H 103’,‘H 102’,‘H 35’and‘H 40’.Furthermore,no significant differences were discovered in the number of tassel branches for‘H 102’and in the ear length for‘H 40’.3)Under high temperature stress(HT),the decreases in the activities of SOD and CAT in the leaves of‘Hengyu 7182’were not significant,and the decrease amplitude of CAT activity in‘Hengyu 868’was significantly lower than that in‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’.The decreases in the activities of SOD and CAT in the leaves of inbred line‘H 102’were not significant,and the decrease in SOD activity in the leaves of‘H 40’was not significant.4)Combined application of correlation analysis,grey relational analysis and principal component analysis identified that the number of tassel branches,kernel number per ear and dry weight of ear could be used as the main indicators for evaluating the heat tolerance of maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines.The inbred lines‘H 102’and‘H 40’exhibited significantly superior heat tolerance compared to the‘Chang 7-2’and‘PH4CV’,indicating that the former two lines exhibited desirable heat tolerance.Consequently,‘H 102’and‘H 40’are recommended as valuable heat-tolerant germplasms for future breeding programs.
作者
刘朋程
岳海旺
魏建伟
杨浩翔
陈淑萍
卜俊周
LIU Pengcheng;YUE Haiwang;WEI Jianwei;YANG Haoxiang;CHEN Shuping;BU Junzhou(Institute of Dryland Farming/Hebei Key Laboratory of Crop Drought Resistance Research,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Hengshui 053000,China)
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
北大核心
2026年第3期25-38,共14页
Journal of China Agricultural University
基金
河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费项目(2025040103)。
关键词
玉米
花期
高温胁迫
杂交种
亲本自交系
生长发育
产量
maize
flowering period
high-temperature stress
hybrid
parental inbred line
growth and development
yield
