摘要
[研究目的]针对农业科学数据共享面临的准公共物品属性、“搭便车”问题及多方主体激励失衡等核心困境进行分析,揭示其内在利益博弈关系,为推动实现“积极共享/付费使用/积极撮合”的最优共享模式提供理论依据与政策建议。[研究方法]立足政策规制视角,构建数据供给方、需求方与平台的三方博弈模型,系统分析不同策略组合下的利益互动关系与均衡路径,并结合Z研究所的政策案例进行验证。[研究结论]农业科学数据共享系统存在多个潜在的纳什均衡,实现最优共享状态的关键在于通过政策工具对各方“收益—成本”结构进行精准调控。具体需满足三大激励相容条件:供给方积极共享的额外收益覆盖其成本;需求方侵权使用的预期处罚高于合法使用价格;平台积极撮合的综合收益大于其运营成本。因此,应通过将数据共享深度融入科研评价体系、构建适配的知识产权保护生态、推动共享平台专业化赋能及强化政策协同等路径,系统优化农业科学数据共享生态。
[Research purpose]This paper analyzes the core challenges in agricultural scientific data sharing,including the attribute of quasi-public goods,and the“free-rider”problem,and incentive imbalance among multiple stakeholders.It aims to reveal the underlying interest-based game relationships and to provide a theoretical basis and policy implications for promoting the advancing an optimal sharing model of“active sharing,paid utilization,and active matching.”[Research method]From the perspective of policy regulation,this paper constructs a tripartite game model involving data suppliers,demanders,and platforms to systematically analyze the interest interactions and equilibrium paths under different strategy combinations,with findings further validated using the policy case of Z Research Institute.[Research conclusion]The agricultural scientific data sharing system exhibits multiple potential Nash equilibria.Achieving the optimal sharing state depends on the precise regulation of each stakeholder’s benefit-cost structure via policy instruments.Specifically,three incentive compatibility conditions must be satisfied:the additional benefits for suppliers from active sharing must cover their costs,the expected penalty for unauthorized use by demanders must exceed the cost of legal access,and the comprehensive benefits to platforms from active matchmaking must exceed their operational costs.Therefore,it is essential to incorporate data sharing into the scientific research evaluation system in depth,establish an intellectual property protection ecosystem tailored to characteristics of agricultural data,promote sharing platform specialization and functional empowerment,and strengthen policy coordination to systematically optimize the agricultural scientific data sharing ecosystem.
作者
郑昊天
樊孝凤
Zheng Haotian;Fan Xiaofeng(Institute of Subtropical Crops,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524091;International Business School,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan,570228)
出处
《科技智囊》
2026年第2期21-29,共9页
Think Tank of Science & Technology
基金
海南省现代农业产业技术体系项目“海南省冬季瓜菜产业技术体系产业经济岗位专项”(HNARS-05-G06)。
关键词
数据要素
农业科学数据共享
政策规制
利益博弈
纳什均衡
data elements
agricultural scientific data sharing
policy regulation
interest game
Nash equilibrium
