摘要
鲇(Silurus asotus)是我国重要的淡水经济鱼类,但其种质资源开发不足,规模化苗种繁育技术尚未成熟,制约了产业可持续发展。为解决上述问题,本研究探究了鲇催产药物配伍、精子生理特性及胚胎发育关键环境参数。结果显示,3μg/kg促黄体素释放激素类似物+1 500 IU/kg绒毛膜促性腺激素+2 mg/kg马来酸多潘立酮对鲇催产效果较好,催产率100%、受精率93.23%、孵化率91.3%;鲇性成熟后精巢形状为规则的扇形,左右2叶,可通过挤压方式取出精液用于受精;精子最佳激活液pH为7~8、葡萄糖为0.22 mol/L、K+为0.08 mol/L、Ca2+为0.015 mol/L、Na+为0.014 mol/L、Mg2+为0.021 mol/L。Na+或K+溶液中精子活力较好,但含Ca2+或Mg2+溶液会抑制精子活力。23℃条件下,鲇孵化出膜用时49 h 30 min,其最适孵化温度为25℃、pH为7.0~7.5、光照周期为24 h (D)∶0 h (L)。本研究明确了鲇高效催产药物组合、人工繁育中精液操作以及胚胎发育环境调控的技术要点,为鲇规模化苗种生产提供了理论依据。
During the 10-Year Fishing Ban in the Yangtze River,the lower-utilisation problem of germplasm resources and the unsound technology of large-scale fry breeding of fish seriously affect the protection and rational development and utilisation of Yangtze River fisheries resources.Silurus asotus is a vital germplasm resource,but the research on its reproductive and breeding biology was relatively scarce.It is highly prized by consumers for its tender,low-spiky meat,delicious flavour,and rich nutritional value.However,the current reported oviposition stimulants and their combinations have poor oviposition effects on S.asotus,with low fertilisation and hatching rates.It is urgent to screen for efficient oviposition stimulants and their optimal dosages and ratios.This study investigated reproductive physiology,gonadotropin drugs,and incubation conditions in S.asotus,aiming to establish a research foundation for breakthroughs in efficient large-scale artificial breeding techniques for catfish fry.Therefore,sexually mature S.asotus was chosen as the material in our present study to test its sperm physiology,embryonic development,and hatching water environment,aiming to advance research on efficient,large-scale artificial breeding techniques for S.asotus.Our results showed that after sexual maturity,the testes of S.asotus were relatively regular in shape,indicating that they could be fertilised by manually squeezing out the semen.The combination of 3μg/kg LRH-A 2,1,500 IU/kg HCG,and 2 mg/kg DM demonstrated optimal spawning induction in S.asotus,achieving 100%of spawning rate,93.23%of fertilisation rate,and 91.3%of hatching rate.And,the pH of the optimal activation solution for sperm ranged from 7 to 8.Additionally,the glucose of the optimal activation solution for sperm was 0.22 mol/L.The highest activation rate,fast movement time and life time of sperm were observed in solution with the only factor of 0.08 mol/L K+,0.015 mol/L Ca 2+,0.014 mol/L Na+,and 0.021 mol/L Mg 2+,respectively.In addition,the better viability of sperm was tested in solutions containing Na+or K+than in the solutions containing Ca 2+or Mg 2+.As for the embryonic development of S.asotus,there were 49 hours and 30 minutes for hatching under the water temperature of 23℃.Higher water temperatures can promote the development of fertilisation rates and shorten the hatching time,and the optimal hatching temperature was 25℃.The optimal hatching pH for the S.asotus was 7.0 to 7.5,and the optimal photoperiod was 24 hours(Dark)∶0 hours(Light).The parameters of the drug combination,activation liquid and embryo incubation were determined,which can be directly applied to the large-scale breeding of S.asotus,and provide technical support for the protection and sustainable utilisation of the characteristic fish resources after the fishing ban in the Yangtze River.
作者
郭红会
陈思琪
罗相忠
葛恒
李怡雯
邹桂伟
梁宏伟
GUO Honghui;CHEN Siqi;LUO Xiangzhong;GE Heng;LI Yiwen;ZOU Guiwei;LIANG Hongwei(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Hubei Aquaculture Technology Extension Center,Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430060,China)
出处
《淡水渔业》
2026年第2期90-98,共9页
Freshwater Fisheries
基金
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD2400905)
国家淡水水产种质资源库(FGRC18537)。
