摘要
露天采场尤其铜钴氧化矿,矿石区域较多的呈现蜂窝状矿石构造,并伴随有大量的节理、溶洞等地质缺陷,这对采剥作业造成了较大的困难,尤其在穿爆环节,出现钻孔成孔率低,大块率高,松散度差,根底多等多类质量缺陷。这不仅严重影响了后续的挖装作业效率,同时也带来安全方面的隐患。针对铜钴氧化矿蜂窝状矿石构造的爆破效果,在经济合理的条件下,从降低钻孔深度、减小钻孔孔径提高钻孔成孔率、防静电PVC管及包装型乳化炸药吊装等方式约束装药提高装药高度、调整爆破参数3个方面用于改善爆破质量,以满足后续施工作业的要求。结果表明:该方法对于爆破后的大块率、根底率及松散度指标有较大的改善,基本满足后续挖装运输要求,有利于露天采场下一循环的采剥作业。
Open-pit mining areas,particularly those containing copper-cobalt oxide ores,frequently feature honeycomb-structured ore bodies with extensive geological discontinuities,including joints and cavities,creating substantial difficulties during stripping operations.This phenomenon is especially pronounced during blasting operations,manifesting as low borehole formation rates,elevated high boulder yield,inadequate fragmentation,and hard toe.All of which significantly compromise subsequent excavation and loading efficiency while simultaneously introducing operational safety risks.To optimize blasting effects in honeycomb-structured copper-cobalt oxide ores while maintaining economic feasibility,three key improvements were implemented:enhancing drilling success through reduced depth/diameter,increasing charge height via anti-static PVC pipe confinement and cartridge hoisting,and parameter adjustments to satisfy subsequent construction requirements.The results demonstrate that this approach substantially enhances post-blasting performance metrics,including boulder yield,hard toe occurrence,and fragmentation quality,effectively satisfying subsequent excavation and haulage requirements while optimizing stripping operations for the following mining cycle.
作者
杜军
王明伟
郑俊伟
金宏洋
冯凯
刘增辉
哈守斌
DU Jun;WANG Ming-wei;ZHENG Jun-wei;JIN Hong-yang;FENG Kai;LIU Zeng-hui;HA Shou-bin(Shanxi Jiangyang Engineering Blasting Co.,LTD.,Taiyuan 030041,China)
出处
《爆破》
2026年第1期123-129,共7页
Blasting
关键词
台阶爆破
蜂窝状矿石构造
大块率
松散度
根底率
约束装药
bench blasting
honeycomb ore structure
boulder yield
looseness
hard toe rate
constrained charge
