摘要
【目的】探明贵州不同地区玛瑙红樱桃果实主要性状差异,为各地引种玛瑙红樱桃提供参考。【方法】以贵州水城、长顺、织金等7个地区栽培的玛瑙红樱桃为研究对象,通过考察果实成熟时果皮色泽、果柄长度和粗度、果实横径和纵径、单果重、可食率、可溶性固形物含量等主要性状并统计胚败育率,分析比较果实主要性状差异与胚败育状况。【结果】贵州7个地区玛瑙红樱桃果实外观性状存在较大差异,果皮颜色亮度(L^(*))为27.57~39.46,红绿色差(a^(*))为20.95~28.40,黄蓝色差(b^(*))为7.45~18.73,色饱和度(C^(*))为22.28~34.07,色度角(h)为19.17°~34.74°,果实外观均为红色,其中,长顺、纳雍玛瑙红樱桃果实外观偏深红色,亮度较高,外观颜色较好;果柄长度为19.30~27.31 mm,果柄粗度为0.97~1.15 mm,单果重为2.75~5.55 g,果实纵径为17.44~22.52 mm,果实横径为16.31~21.50 mm,果形指数均值为1.00~1.12,其中,织金和长顺玛瑙红樱桃果实果柄长且粗,清镇和长顺果实较大,赫章和清镇果形较好;果实可食率为86.14%~91.96%,可溶性固形物含量为12.83%~17.93%,胚败育率为33.33%~90.00%,其中,织金果实可溶性固形物含量最高,且显著高于其他地区,水城胚败育率最高。长顺玛瑙红樱桃果实性状隶属函数均值最高,为0.71;清镇次之,为0.63;织金最低,为0.19。【结论】长顺、纳雍玛瑙红樱桃果实外观颜色较好;清镇和长顺玛瑙红樱桃果实较大,赫章和清镇果形较好;织金和清镇玛瑙红樱桃果实可食率、可溶性固形物含量等主要品质相对较好;水城玛瑙红樱桃成熟最早且胚败育率最高,具有潜在遗传改良价值。
【Objective】The differences in main traits of Manaohong cherry fruits in different regions of Guizhou Province were explored to provide a reference for introduction of Manaohong cherry in various regions.【Method】The peel color,length and diameter fruit stalk,fruit transverse and longitudinal diameter,single fruit weight,edible rate,soluble solids content and embryo abortion rate of Manaohong cherry from 7 regions in Guizhou were determined to analyze the differences in main agronomic traits and embryo abortion status of Manaohong cherry fruits collected from different regions in Guizhou.【Result】There were great differences in appearance traits of Manaohong cherry fruits.The peel color brightness(L^(*)),difference between red and green(a^(*)),difference between yellow and blue(b^(*)),color saturation(C^(*))and chromaticity angle(h)of Manaohong cherry fruits from 7 different regions were 27.57—39.46,20.95—28.40,7.45—18.73,22.28—34.07 and 19.17°—34.74°respectively.The appearance of Manaohong cherry fruits was red.Among them,the appearance of Manaohong cherry fruits from Changshun and Nayong was dark red with a higher brightness.The fruit stalk length,fruit stalk diameter,single fruit weight,longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter and average fruit shape index of Manaohong cherry fruits were 19.30—27.31 mm,0.97—1.15 mm,2.75—5.55 g,17.44—22.52 mm,16.31—21.50 mm and 1.00—1.12 separately.Among them,the fruit stalk of Manaohong cherry from Zhijin and Changshun was longer and thickness.The fruit of Manaohong cherry from Qingzhen and Changshun was large.The fruit shape of Manaohong cherry from Hezhang and Qingzhen was good.The fruit edibility rate,soluble solids content and embryo abortion rate of Manaohong cherry were 86.14%—91.96%,12.83%—17.93%and 33.33%—90.00%respectively.The soluble solids content of Manaohong cherry fruits from Zhijin was the highest and significantly higher than that from other regions.The embryo abortion rate of Manaohong cherry fruits from Shuicheng was the highest.The membership function average value in fruit traits of Manaohong cherry from Changshun was the highest(0.71),followed by from Qingzhen(0.63)and the membership function value in fruit traits of Manaohong cherry from Zhijin was the lowest(0.19).【Conclusion】The Manaohong cherry from Changshun and Nayong is of good appearance color.The fruit of Manaohong cherry from Qingzhen and Changshun is large.The Manaohong cherry from Hezhang and Qingzhen has a good fruit shape.The fruit edible rate and soluble solids content of Manaohong cherry from Zhijin and Qingzhen are relatively good.The Manaohong cherry from Shuicheng with early maturity and higher embryo abortion rate has a potential value in genetic improvement.
作者
宋莎
刘方利
解璞
张绿萍
张敏
王恩权
彭玉基
SONG Sha;LIU Fangli;XIE Pu;ZHANG Lyuping;ZHANG Min;WANG Enquan;PENG Yuji(Guizhou Institute of Pomology Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Anshun University,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
2026年第2期114-121,共8页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省农业科学院种质资源专项“适宜贵州山地优异果树资源的鉴选及应用”(黔农科种质资源﹝2023﹞05号)
贵州省科技计划项目“贵州玛瑙红等特色樱桃优异种质资源挖掘及保存研究”(黔科合支撑〔2022〕一般092)
“‘玛瑙红’樱桃胚败育下的坐果机制研究”(黔科合基础-ZK〔2022〕一般233)。
关键词
玛瑙红樱桃
果实性状
果实品质
早熟
胚败育
成熟期
隶属函数值
贵州
Manaohong cherry
fruit trait
fruit quality
early maturing
embryo abortion
maturity period
membership function value
Guizhou
