摘要
含油污泥主要分为清淤、作业和落地污泥,其成分复杂,较难分解。同时由于近年越来越多的区块进入三次采油阶段,注入到地层中的聚合物、表面活性剂等较难分解的成分经循环后回到地面系统中,这也导致了含油污泥更加难以处理。如果将含油污泥废液直接掺入已建的油水处理系统,会导致电脱水器垮电场、回注水质指标不合格等系列问题。因此W采油厂建设了一座含油污泥处理站,对全厂范围内的含油污泥进行集中处理。该处理站分两期建成,第一期为前置处理流程,由粗筛+旋转挤压分离、序批沉降、高速离心机分离、一次和二次重力沉降组成,其使用药剂为絮凝剂,最佳投加质量浓度为100 mg/L;二期为热化学处理流程,主要是通过加热和药剂的共同作用,促使在前置流程中分离出来的污油从稳定状态变为不稳定状态,进而实现油水分离。含油污泥废液处理使用的破乳剂和硫化物去除剂最佳投加质量浓度均为100 mg/L。由于W采油厂位于高寒地区,整个流程中的室外设备均配有伴热,以保证能够在冬季正常生产运行。W采油厂建设的集中含油污泥处理站印证了该技术路线的可实现性,指导了油田含油污泥现场处置全过程。
Oily sludge is primarily classified into dredged,operational,and ground-borne sludge,which is complex in composition and challenging to decompose.Additionally,as an increasing number of blocks have entered the tertiary oil recovery stage in recent years,components that are difficult to decompose,such as polymers and surfactants injected into the formation,return to the surface system after circulation,further complicating the treatment of oily sludge.If oily sludge waste liquid is directly mixed into the existing oil-water treatment system,it can lead to a series of issues such as electric field collapse in electric dehydrators and unqualified re-injection water quality indicators.Therefore,W Oil Production Plant has constructed an oily sludge treatment station to centrally treat oily sludge across the entire plant.The station is being built in two phases.The first phase involves the pre-treatment process,which consists of coarse screening+rotary extrusion separation,sequential batch sedimentation,high-speed centrifuge separation,and primary and secondary gravity sedimentation.The chemical used is a flocculant,with an optimal dosing concentration of 100 mg/L.The second phase involves the thermochemical treatment process,which mainly utilizes the combined effects of heating and chemicals to promote the transition of the stable state of the oily sludge separated in the pre-treatment process to an unstable state,thereby achieving oil-water separation.The chemicals used in oily sludge waste liquid treatment are demulsifiers and sulfide removers,with an optimal dosing concentration of 100 mg/L for both.Due to the location of W Oil Production Plant in a high-altitude and cold region,all outdoor equipment in the entire process is equipped with heat tracing to ensure normal production and operation during winter.The centralized oily sludge treatment station established by W Oil Production Plant has verified the feasibility of this technical route,and provided guidance for the entire on-site disposal process of oily sludge in oilfields.
作者
高子育
GAO Ziyu(No.5 Oil Production Plant of Daqing Oilfield Co.,Ltd.)
出处
《油气田地面工程》
2026年第3期68-73,共6页
Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering
关键词
含油污泥
废液
序批
离心
热化学
破乳剂
絮凝剂
硫化物去除剂
oily sludge
waste liquid
sequential batch
centrifugation
thermochemistry
demulsifier
flocculant
sulfide remover
