摘要
中医药是包括汉族和少数民族医药在内的我国各民族医药的统称。中国古代中医药学建立起了以“天人合一”整体观念为指导思想、精气为人体构成本原、阴阳五行为结构模型、脏腑经络为生理病理、精气血津液为物质基础、辨证施治为诊治原则的系统完整的医学科学体系。中医药学的基本结构由中医基础理论、中医临床诊治和中医养生康复三大部分组成,其中中医基础理论包括“精气学说”“阴阳学说”“五行学说”“藏象学说”“经络学说”“精气血津液学说”“病因病机学说”等;中医临床诊治是一门实践性很强的应用学科,包括内科、外科、妇科、儿科、五官科等常见病、疑难杂病、传染病的辨证论治及其药物、针灸、食补等疗法;中医养生康复是指通过食物和自我调摄帮助机体避免病邪侵袭,其方法包括精神养生、饮食养生、起居养生、房事养生、运动养生、药物和针灸养生等。中医药学的知识体系包括中医理论、诊断学、治疗学、药物学、方剂学、针灸学、法医学和兽医学等,呈现出了鲜明的整体观念、恒动观念和辨证论治等特征。中医药学形成了独特的生命观、健康观、疾病观、防治观,至今仍有效地指导着医家对疾病的认识、诊断、处方、用药和养生保健等。
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)is a collective term for the medical systems developed by various ethnic groups in China,including the Han and ethnic minorities.Ancient Chinese medicine established a comprehensive and systematic scientific framework guided by the holistic philosophy of“harmony between heaven and humanity”(tianren heyi天人合一),with essence and qi(jingqi精气)as the primordial substance of human constitution,yin-yang and the five elements as its structural model,zang-fu organs and meridians(jingluo经络)as the physiological and pathological framework,essence-qi-blood-fluids as the material basis,and syndrome differentiation and treatment(bianzheng shizhi辨证施治)as its core diagnostic and therapeutic principle.Structurally,TCM comprises three major domains:foundational theory,clinical diagnosis and treatment,and life cultivation(yangsheng养生)and rehabilitation.Its basic theory includes the doctrines of essence-qi,yin-yang and the five elements,visceral manifestation(zangxiang藏象),essence-qi-blood-fluids,and etiology and pathogenesis.As a highly practical applied science,TCM clinical practice encompasses the treatment of common,complex,and infectious diseases across internal medicine,surgery,gynecology,pediatrics,and ENT,utilizing therapies such as herbal medicine,acupuncture,and dietary supplements.TCM life cultivation and rehabilitation emphasize the prevention of pathogenic invasion through dietary regulation and self-adjustment,including mental,dietary,lifestyle,sexual,physical,and medicinal/acupuncture-based cultivation.The knowledge system of TCM integrates theories,diagnostics,therapeutics,materia medica,formulas,acupuncture,as well as forensic and veterinary medicine,exhibiting distinct characteristics of holism,dynamic equilibrium,and syndrome differentiation.TCM has forged unique perspectives on life,health,disease,and prevention,which continue to effectively guide medical practice in disease cognition,diagnosis,prescription,medication,and health maintenance.
出处
《科学文化评论》
2025年第3期21-52,共32页
Science & Culture Review
基金
中国科学院战略研究专项:中国科学院自然科学史研究所“十四五”重大项目“中国科技传统及其现实意义研究”(项目编号:E3293G02)。
关键词
中国古代
中医药学
汉族医药
少数民族医药
Ancient China
Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)
Han medicine
Ethnic minority medicine
