摘要
大、小戴《礼记》文本有诸多不同。在“述”“作”倾向上,今存《大戴礼记》多记录古礼或以问答载前代故实,以“述”为主,呈现出遵古礼的倾向;小戴《礼记》重在阐明礼义,于古礼的取舍中有灵活变通的倾向。在现实指向上,《大戴礼记》侧重谈王道,多言为人主者以仁德为政之道;小戴《礼记》侧重谈地道,多言日常之礼,更切近现实生活。社会需求方面,汉代社会亟待建构礼制,由此礼学家积极编纂资料,献言献策。其时对礼的理解,以及相关的制礼活动,主要尊崇了礼的内在精神,与《礼记》所阐发的与时适变的思想相契合,因而《礼记》中礼的原则性、纲领性的东西在汉代受到重点关注。经传承习方面,郑玄本习《礼记》,且推重礼学,依据《礼记》中礼义的内涵来建构礼制,以冀起到救崩治弊的效果。比较而言,《礼记》一书以“礼”为核心编辑内容,其重点在于诠解礼义;《大戴礼记》所纂集的内容则较为驳杂,系用于授徒讲学的辅助资料。这三个方面是郑玄舍《大戴礼记》而取小戴《礼记》的重要原因。
There are many differences between the texts of the Book of Rites by Dai De and the Book of Rites by Dai Sheng.In terms of narrative tendency,the existing Book of Rites by Dai De mostly records ancient rituals or presents the reality of previous dynasties through Q&A,with“narrative”as the main focus,showing a tendency to follow ancient rituals;The Book of Rites by Dai Sheng focuses on clarifying the meaning of rituals and has a flexible tendency in the selection of ancient rituals.In terms of practical orientation,the Book of Rites by Dai De focuses on discussing the way of kings and emphasizes the principle of governing with benevolence and virtue for those who are in charge,while the Book of Rites by Dai Sheng focuses on authentic ways and emphasizes daily rituals,which are more closely related to real life.In terms of social demand,the Han Dynasty society urgently needed to construct a ritual system.Therefore,ritual scholars actively compiled materials and offered suggestions.At that time,the understanding of ritual and related ritual-formulating activities mainly respected the inherent spirit of ritual,which was in line with the idea of adapting to the times as expounded in the Book of Rites.Therefore,the principles and guidelines of ritual in the Book of Rites received special attention during the Han Dynasty.In terms of classics scholarship learning,Zheng Xuan studied the Book of Rites and emphasized the study of ritual,constructing ritual systems based on the connotation of ritual meaning in the Book of Rites,in order to achieve the effect of saving collapse and treating problems.Comparatively speaking,the Book of Rites is compiled with rituals as its core,focusing on interpreting ritual principles.The Book of Rites by Dai De,however,collects relatively diverse and heterogeneous content,serving as supplementary materials for teaching disciples and delivering lectures.These three aspects are the key reasons why Zheng Xuan favored the Book of Rites over the Book of Rites by Dai De.
作者
卢静
LU Jing(School of Ethnic Education,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《宝鸡文理学院学报(社会科学版)》
2026年第1期102-107,共6页
Journal of Baoji University of Arts and Sciences(Social Science Edition)
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目一般项目:南北朝《礼记》注疏与礼学演进研究(项目编号:23ZYYB011)。
关键词
《礼记》
礼学
郑玄
Book of Rites
study of rites
Zheng Xuan
