摘要
鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)是我国重要的药食同源植物,其生产方式长期依赖无性繁殖,易导致有害突变的积累和种质的退化。为解析鱼腥草有性繁殖障碍机制,本研究系统观察花部特征与开花物候,结合I2-KI染色法、离体培养基和联苯胺-过氧化氢法检测花粉活力与柱头可授性,并通过石蜡切片分析小孢子发生过程。结果表明:鱼腥草个体花期35 d,花序花期12 d,单花持续6~7 d。其生殖枝穗状花序开花顺序为自下而上,单花为两性花、无花被。花粉活性和柱头可受性检测结果表明,极低的花粉活性阻碍了鱼腥草有性繁殖的顺利进行。石蜡切片结果显示,绒毡层降解异常,导致小孢子发育受阻,最终引起花粉败育。由此可见,雄性不育是鱼腥草种子败育的内因。本研究为鱼腥草人工繁殖和资源保护提供了理论依据。
Houttuynia cordata is a significant medicinal and edible plant in China.Its long-term reliance on vegetative propagation has led to harmful mutation accumulation and germplasm degradation.To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the barriers to sexual reproduction in H.cordata,this study systematically observed floral characteristics and phenology of flowering.It combined I-Kl staining,in vitro culture medium,and benzidine-hydrogen peroxide methods to detect pollen viability and stigmatic receptivity,and analyzed the process of microsporogenesis through paraffin sectioning.The results indicated that the flowering period of individual H.cordata plants lasted 35 days,the inflorescence flowering period was 12 days,and the duration of a single flower was 6-7 days.The flowering order of the spike inflorescence on the reproductive branch was from bottom to top,and the individual flower was bisexual without perianth.The detection results of pollen activity and stigmatic receptivity showed that the extremely low pollen activity hindered the smooth progress of sexual reproduction in H.cordata.Paraffin sectioning results revealed that abnormal tapetal degradation blocked the development of microspores,eventually causing pollen abortion.It can be seen that male sterility is the internal cause of seed abortion in H.cordata.This study provides a theoretical basis for the artificial propagation and resource protection of H.cordata.
作者
孙维红
刘钰园
卢玉
罗莲
陈志峰
SUN Weihong;LIU Yuyuan;LU Yu;LUO Lian;CHEN Zhifeng(College of Biology and Agriculture Technology,Zunyi Normal University,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China;Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institution Engineering Research Center for New Eco-fertilizer,Zunyi,Guizhou 563000,China)
出处
《植物生理学报》
北大核心
2026年第1期99-108,共10页
Plant Physiology Journal
基金
贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教技[2023]043号)
合肥市科技创新人才团队项目(遵市科人才[2024]01号)
合肥市市校联合基金[遵市科合HZ字(2023)155号和遵市科合HZ字(2024)137号]。
关键词
鱼腥草
花部特征
花粉活力
繁育特征
Houttuynia cordata
floral characteristics
pollen viability
reproductive characteristics
