摘要
由巫史传统向礼乐文明的演进,以及礼乐文明的基本特征,可以通过分析广泛存在于古典礼制文献中的尸祭现象来加以理解。根据现有的各项研究,尸祭来自一种古老的降神巫术,但在礼乐文明充分发展起来以后,尸祭的巫术色彩越来越淡化,这体现在三个方面:一是淡化天地山川的祭祀,突出祖先人鬼祭祀;二是淡化禳除色彩,突出对鬼神的敬拜;三是淡化降神附体,突出对祖先的模仿。随着这种人文化,尸、神与祭主之间的微妙关系得到了更系统的规定,祭祀仪式中的人文情感也越来越被突出,由此产生了有着深刻礼乐文明色彩的内在情感与德性。
The evolution from the shamanistic-historical tradition to the ritual-music civilization, as well as the fundamental characteristics of this civilization, can be understood through an analysis of the phenomenon of Shiji (rites of living persons dressing as ancestors or gods to receive sacrifice), which is widely documented in classical ritual texts. As the ritual-music civilization fully developed, the sorcery aspects of this kind of sacrifice gradually diminished, manifesting in three main ways: first, the emphasis shifted from sacrifices to heaven, earth, and mountains toward sacrifices to ancestral spirits;second, the focus moved away from exorcism toward reverent worship of spirits;and third, spirit possession was downplayed in favor of the imitation of ancestors. Through this process of humanization, the subtle relationships among the living persons who dressing as ancestors or gods, the deity, and the sacrificial host were more systematically defined, while the inherent humanistic emotions within the sacrificial rites were increasingly highlighted. This gave rise to profound inner sentiments and virtues that are deeply characteristic of the ritual-music civilization.
出处
《文史哲》
北大核心
2026年第1期5-13,165,共10页
Literature,History,and Philosophy
