摘要
面向多通道射频前端对低成本、小型化定向耦合器的迫切需求,本文提出了一种耦合度可切换的矩形波导定向耦合器新构型。该器件以传统3.5GHz金属波导定向耦合器为载体,创新性地引入“机电一体化”设计范式,采用新型双工位耦合窗插板来代替传统的固定式耦合窗。通过外部“步进电机-同步带-同步轮”机构驱动双工位耦合窗插板步进,可实现15dB与20dB两档耦合度的切换,且中心频率(3.5GHz)及工作带宽(3.3-3.7GHz)保持恒定,有效缓解了无线通信系统中同时使用不同类型腔体耦合器时的成本高、体积大的问题。仿真结果表明,两种状态下输入反射优于-25dB,隔离度大于30dB,耦合端与直通端相位差始终接近90°,切换前后电磁性能稳定。与传统的“多耦合器+开关矩阵”方案相比,本设计所需的波导数量减少一半,在体积、成本、重量等方面具有明显优势。该设计为MIMO、波束赋形及通道校准系统提供了高集成、低损耗、可重构的定向耦合解决方案,具有良好的工程推广价值。
Facing the urgent demand for low-cost and miniaturized directional couplers in multichannel radio frequency front-ends,this paper proposes a new configuration of rectangular waveguide directional coupler with switchable coupling degree.Based on the traditional 3.5 GHz metal waveguide directional coupler,the device innovatively introduces the"mechatronics"design paradigm,and adopts a new panel with dual-station coupling window to replace the traditional fixed coupling window.By pushing and pulling the inserted panel through an external"stepper motorsynchronous belt-synchronous wheel"mechanism,it can achieve switching between coupling degrees of 15 dB and 20 dB.Meanwhile,the center frequency(3.5 GHz)and operating bandwidth(3.3-3.7 GHz)remain constant,which effectively alleviates the problems of high cost and large volume when different types of cavity couplers are used simultaneously in wireless communication systems.Simulation shows the input return loss stays below-25 dB,and the isolation exceeds 30 dB in both states.The phase difference between the coupled and through ports is always close to 90°.The electromagnetic performance is stable before and after switching.Compared with the traditional multiple couplers+switch matrix"scheme,the proposed design reduces the number of waveguides by half and has obvious advantages in terms of volume,cost and weight.This design provides a highly integrated,low-loss and reconfigurable directional coupling solution for MIMO,beamforming and channel calibration systems,and has good engineering promotion value.
作者
曹龙
黎方峰
于玮
CAO Long;LI Fangfeng;YU Wei(School of Information Science and Technology,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China;Engineering Training Center,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China)
出处
《无线通信技术》
2026年第1期26-31,共6页
Wireless Communication Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金(62571277)。
关键词
腔体耦合器
机电结合
耦合度可调
中心频率恒定
Cavity Coupler
Mechatronics Integration
Adjustable Coupling Degree
Constant Center Frequency
