摘要
氨(NH3)作为一种高储氢密度、低储运成本的潜在氢能载体,近年来在绿氢制备领域备受关注。等离子体技术凭借其非平衡特性、高反应活性和低温适应性,为氨分解制氢提供了新的技术路径。为此综述了大气压等离子体辅助氨气制氢技术及其效果的研究进展,重点探讨了等离子体放电参数(电压、频率、功率)、反应气体氛围(组成、流量、压力)、反应器结构(电极、介质材料)对氨分解效率和产物分布的影响规律,并分析了现有工作中的等离子体与催化剂协同作用机制。现有报道表明,等离子体技术可显著降低氨分解温度(最低至400℃),提升非贵金属催化剂活性,但能效和规模化应用仍须进一步突破。该文总结了等离子体辅助氨制氢的技术瓶颈,并从参数调控、反应路径优化、制氢效果以及催化剂-等离子体协同机制等方面展望未来研究方向。
Ammonia(NH3)has received increasing attention in recent years as a potential hydrogen energy carrier,attributed to its high hydrogen storage density and relatively low costs associated with storage and transportation in the field of green hydrogen production.Plasma technology,characterized by its non-equilibrium nature,high reactivity,and adaptability to low temperatures,provides a promising and innovative technical pathway for hydrogen production via ammonia decomposition.We summarize recent research progress in atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted ammonia decomposition for hydrogen generation.Moreover,we elucidate the influence laws of discharge parameters(voltage,frequency,power),work gas(composition,flow rate,pressure),and reactor configuration(electrodes,dielectric materials)on ammonia conversion efficiency and product distribution.The existing mechanisms underlying the synergistic effects between plasma and catalysts are also analyzed.Current research indicates that plasma technology can significantly reduce the ammonia decomposition temperature(as low as 400℃)and enhance the activity of non-noble metal catalysts.However,further key works in energy efficiency and scalability for practical applications are still required.By outlining the key technical bottlenecks of plasma-assisted ammonia-to-hydrogen,future research directions are put forward,including plasma parameter optimization,reaction pathway refinement,and a deeper understanding of catalyst-plasma synergistic mechanisms.
作者
赵妮
王婧
赵凯森
常正实
ZHAO Ni;WANG Jing;ZHAO Kaisen;CHANG Zhengshi(School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China;School of Electrical Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(Xi’an Jiaotong University),Xi’an 710049,China)
出处
《高电压技术》
北大核心
2026年第2期962-983,共22页
High Voltage Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(52307187)。
关键词
等离子体
氢能
氨制氢
催化
氢气
plasma
hydrogen energy
ammonia-to-hydrogen
catalysis
hydrogen
