摘要
“达德之勇”经孔子的“三达德”概念而被标识为中国人所憧憬的核心素养之一。这一核心素养在中国文化发展中被理学、心学、气学丰富发展为道德参与之勇、良知信仰之勇和造器创世之勇“三系”:理学最重道德参与之勇,主张“达德之勇”只能是捍卫道义的义理之勇,而不能是血气之勇,因为义理之勇既具血气之勇的敢为、坚守之优点,又有血气之勇所无的知耻、慎思之长处;心学针对理学“道德参与之勇”的主体化不足问题而提出了与之对立、张扬意志自由的“作为自我而存在的勇气”,并在此基础上提出了同时超越二者的良知信仰之勇;气学则以气为根而主张最根本的“达德之勇”既非“道德参与之勇”,亦非“良知信仰之勇”,而是人通过创造“新形式”,以“气之生产力”推动世界与人自身不断创生发展的“造器创世之勇”。由此,中国“达德之勇”便因赋予勇气以道德、信仰、创造之核心要素而在当今风险时代变得愈来愈重要。
The Courage of Universal Virtue is identified as one of the core competences that Chinese people aspire to via the concept of Confucius'"Three Universal Virtues".This core competence has been enriched and developed into the"three systems"of the Courage of Moral Participation,the Courage of Conscience and Belief,and the Courage for Creation and Innovation by the School of Principle,the School of Mind,and the School of Qi in the development of Chinese culture:the School of Principle attaches the greatest importance to the Courage of Moral Participation,advocating that the Courage of Universal Virtue can only be the moral courage of upholding morality,rather than physical courage,because moral courage not only has the merits of physical courage such as courage to act and perseverance,but also possesses the strengths that physical courage lacks such as a sense of shame and reflective thinking.The School of Mind,in response to the insufficient subjectification of the Courage of Moral Participation in the School of Principle,puts forward the"Courage to Be One's True Self"which advocates the freedom of will,and on this basis puts forward the Courage of Conscience and Belief that transcends both the Courage of Universal Virtue and the Courage to Be One's True Self.The School of Qi,with qi as its root,advocates that the most fundamental Courage of Universal Virtue is neither the Courage of Moral Participation nor the Courage of Conscience and Belief,but the Creative Courage for Creation and Innovation,in which people promote the continuous creation and development of the world and themselves by creating"new forms"with"the productive power of qi".Thus,China's concept of the Courage of Universal Virtue has become increasingly important in the current era of risks because it endows courage with the core elements of morality,belief and creation.
出处
《中州学刊》
北大核心
2026年第2期129-137,共9页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
国家社会科学基金项目后期资助项目“道体课程观:中国传统课程哲学研究”(25FJKB040)。
关键词
达德之勇
道德参与之勇
良知信仰之勇
造器创世之勇
The courage as universal virtue
courage of moral participation
courage of conscience belief
creative courage
