摘要
作为一种教育方法的问答法兴起于春秋战国时期而由先秦诸子首倡,其重要意义在于使教育在突破阶层限制后具有了前所未有的开放性,并摆脱政治权力的控制而彰显自由气息。问答法容纳了思考与质疑而使个体真正在场。先秦诸子以“君子如向”为原则对问答法进行伦理匡正,问答之道呈现出独特的历史演进脉络。问答之道包涵学生的“善问”与教师的“善答”两个有机组成部分。学生应成为“善问者”,“善问”以问求明致行为根本指向,“善问者”的发问类型多样,或先易后难、循序渐进,或因机发问、以问引答,或设追反问,不拘一格。与此相契,教师应成为“善答”者,作为“善答”者的教师视应答为一种真正的挑战,并以适切化的应答来守护师生间的信任关系,遵循生成性原则以达成引导的目的。
The question-and-answer method in education,was initiated by the scholars of the Pre-Qin Dynasty.Its significance lies in making education break through the restrictions of class and having unprecedented openness,getting rid of the control of political power and make education show freedom,and also containing thinking and questioning to make individuals truly present.Pre-Qin scholars corrected the method ethically based on the principle of"teacher's response",and presented a unique historical evolution.The way of question and answer includes two organic components:students'good questioning and teachers'good answering."Good Questioning"seeks the fundamental direction of clearly understand and good behavior,and teachers who are good at answering regard answering as a real challenge,guard the trust relationship between teachers and students with appropriate responses,and follow the generative principle to achieve the purpose of guidance.
作者
张学强
ZHANG Xue-qiang(Chinese Education Modernization Research Institute,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,311121,PRC)
出处
《西北师大学报(社会科学版)》
北大核心
2026年第2期92-103,共12页
Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“庄子教育哲学研究”(21FJKA002)。
关键词
先秦诸子
问答之道
善问
善答
教育方法
scholars of the Pre-Qin Dynasty
way of question and answer
good questioning
good answering
educational method
