摘要
共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)是一类结合了π-π共轭电子体系和微孔结构的先进有机多孔材料,近年来因其独特的物理化学性质被广泛应用于气体吸附、膜分离、催化、能源储存和阻燃等领域。CMPs材料由于独特的孔道结构和表面性质,更多地应用于光催化领域。该文首先简单介绍了CMPs的光催化机理;然后,阐述了光催化性能提升方法,包括设计供体-受体(D-A)结构、引入杂原子、选择合适的单体、优化制备方法等,并总结了CMPs在光催化领域的应用,包括光催化产氢、光催化CO_(2)还原、有机化合物合成;最后,对CMPs的未来发展进行了展望,在持续提升CMPs光催化性能的同时,应更多地考虑规模化生产中的技术路线设计问题,并指出发展Schiff-base等非贵金属偶联反应、大比表面积与高导电性和机械强度有效平衡深入研究、微孔结构与性能构效关系理论模型构建、结合量子化学和人工智能等手段优化材料结构设计方法四个方面作为重点发展方向。
Conjugated microporous polymers(CMPs),advanced organic porous materials combiningπ-πconjugated electronic systems with well-defined microporous structures,have been widely applied in gas adsorption,membrane separation,catalysis,energy storage,and flame retardancy due to their unique physicochemical properties,especially in the field of photocatalysis because of their distinctive pore structures and surface properties.Herein,the photocatalytic mechanisms of CMPs were simply introduced,followed by description on the strategies for enhancement in photocatalytic performance,including the design of donor-acceptor(D-A)structures,heteroatom doping,selecting appropriate monomers,and optimizing synthetic methodologies,and summarization on their applications in photocatalysis,such as photocatalytic hydrogen evolution,CO_(2) reduction,and organic synthesis.Finally,future research directions were proposed.In addition to further improving the photocatalytic efficiency of CMPs,efforts should be directed toward addressing challenges in large-scale production,particularly in designing viable technological routes.Key areas of focus should include the development of Schiff-base and other non-noble metal coupling reactions,achieving a balanced integration of high surface area,electrical conductivity,and mechanical strength,constructing theoretical models to elucidate structure-property relationships in microporous materials,and leveraging quantum chemistry and artificial intelligence to optimize material design strategies.
作者
林登杰
高慧颖
王娜
谢志鹏
刘国凯
LIN Dengjie;GAO Huiying;WANG Na;XIE Zhipeng;LIU Guokai(Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Preparation of Special Functional Materials,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology,Shenyang 110142,Liaoning,China;National Key Laboratory of Marine Corrosion and Protection,China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation 725 Research Institute,Xiamen 361100,Fujian,China;Shenyang Key Laboratory for New Functional Coating Materials,Shenyang 110142,Liaoning,China;Liaoning Maiqi New Material Group Co.,Ltd.,Tieling 112700,Liaoning,China)
出处
《精细化工》
北大核心
2026年第2期245-255,423,共12页
Fine Chemicals
基金
辽宁省重点研发项目(2024JH2/102300004、2024JH2/102400048)
辽宁省教育厅一般项目(LJ212410149032)。
关键词
共轭微孔聚合物
光催化
光催化产氢
CO_(2)还原
有机合成
conjugated microporous polymers
photocatalysis
photocatalytic hydrogen production
CO_(2)reduction
organic synthesis
