摘要
亚胺作为重要的有机含氮中间体,广泛应用于医药和精细化学品合成等领域。近年来,亚胺合成的催化剂制备一直是研究热点,目前已经开发了许多高效、低成本的催化剂用于催化合成亚胺反应。该文对醇胺氧化和伯胺偶联合成亚胺过程的催化剂进行了分类综述,简要介绍了均相催化剂;详细讨论了多相催化剂的类型、催化性能以及相应的催化机理;并对均相和多相催化剂的性能调控进行简要总结,在均相催化体系中,通过改变中心离子、配体的种类和数量或对催化剂进行修饰可以实现该类催化剂的性能调控;而对于多相催化体系,可以通过调控催化剂氧空位浓度、改变催化剂结构(电子结构、几何结构、物理结构等)或引入其他元素等方式对催化剂进行性能调控;最后,对该研究可能面临的机遇和挑战进行了展望,以期为今后可控制备高性能合成亚胺的催化剂提供参考。
Imines,important nitrogen-containing organic intermediates,play a crucial role in various fields,including pharmaceuticals and fine chemical synthesis.In recent years,the preparation of catalysts for imine synthesis has become a focal area of research,with a multitude of efficient and economical catalysts developed for this purpose.In this article,a comprehensive classification and overview on catalysts employed in the synthesis of imines through oxidative reactions of amino alcohols and coupling reactions of primary amines was provided,with a brief introduction to homogeneous catalysts.The types of heterogeneous catalysts,their catalytic performance,and the corresponding catalytic mechanisms was then discussed in detail.Furthermore,the performance tuning on both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts was briefly summarized.In homogeneous catalytic systems,the performance of catalysts could be regulated by varying the types and amounts of central ions and ligands,or through modifications to the catalysts themselves.In contrast,for heterogeneous catalytic systems,catalyst performance could be finely adjusted by regulating the concentration of oxygen vacancies,modifying the catalyst's structural properties(such as its electronic,geometric,and physical structures),and incorporating additional elements.Finally,an outlook on the potential opportunities and challenges associated with this research was presented,aiming to serve as a reference for the controllable preparation of novel and high-performance catalysts for imine synthesis in the future.
作者
盖浩诚
黎祥
李赵鑫
刘大伟
徐龙
马晓迅
GAI Haocheng;LI Xiang;LI Zhaoxin;LIU Dawei;XU Long;MA Xiaoxun(School of Chemical Engineering,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi,China;International Science&Technology Cooperation Base of MOST for Clean Utilization of Hydrocarbon Resources,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi,China;Chemical Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Use Technology of Shanbei Energy,Xi'an 710127,Shaanxi,China)
出处
《精细化工》
2026年第2期233-244,共12页
Fine Chemicals
基金
陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2024RS-CXTD-53、2024ZC-KJXX-096)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022QCY-LL-69)
西安市科技计划项目(24GXFW0089)。
关键词
催化
亚胺合成
醇胺氧化偶联
伯胺自偶联
催化机理
性能调控
catalysis
imine synthesis
oxidative coupling of alcohol amine
primary amine self-coupling:catalytic mechanism
performance regulation
