摘要
中国社会变迁导致大量结构性社会问题。随着城镇化持续推进,农村地区涌现越来越多的“留守老人”,他们在农村长期缺乏代际陪伴和社会参与,从而催生了较为普遍的农村留守老人的孤独现象。本研究通过对2022年中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS2022)中农村留守老人相关数据的梳理分析和对农村留守老人的深度访谈,以社会支持理论的视角,发现缺乏陪伴、缺少关怀、社会隔离仅是农村留守老人孤独现象的表层特征。而中国城镇化进程中伴随的乡城流动导致的农村空心化、农村社会支持网络弱化、农村老人文化水平局限以及健康状况不佳、缺乏社会参与和老年心理弱势等系统性因素则是导致农村留守老人孤独现象的深层原因。由此本研究提出扎实推进乡村全面振兴,留住更多年轻人,嵌入社会资源开展志愿服务,增强邻里守望关注身边老人,倡导新时代孝文化加强代际关怀等具体社会支持策略,是改变农村留守老人的孤独现象,实现“老有所慰”,提升其生活质量和民生福祉的对策探索。
Profound social changes in China have given rise to a host of structural social issues.With the continuous advancement of urbanization,an increasing number of“left-behind elderly”have emerged in rural areas.Plagued by a prolonged lack of intergenerational companionship and social participation in rural communities,a prevalent sense of loneliness has taken hold among this group.Based on analyzing the data related to rural left-behind elderly from the Chinese Family Panel Studies in 2022(CFPS2022)and conducting in-depth interviews with rural left-behind elderly,from the perspective of social support theory,this study finds that the lack of companionship and care,as well as social isolation,are merely superficial characteristics of the loneliness experienced by the rural left-behind elderly.The underlying causes of this phenomenon are systemic factors associated with China’s urbanization process,including rural hollowing resulting from rural-urban population mobility,the weakening of rural social support networks,the limited educational level of rural elderly,poor health conditions,insufficient social participation,and psychological vulnerability among the elderly.Accordingly,this study explores targeted social support measures to alleviate loneliness and realize“ensuring the elderly live with comfort and consolation”among the rural left-behind elderly,and improve their quality of life and well-being.These measures include advancing rural revitalization comprehensively,retaining more young people,embedding social resources to engage in volunteer services,fostering neighborhood watch to care for elderly neighbors,and promoting the culture of filial piety in the new era to strengthen intergenerational care.
作者
胡小武
华传玉
HU Xiaowu;HUA Chuanyu(Institute for Urban Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023;School of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023)
出处
《长白学刊》
2026年第2期113-126,共14页
Changbai Journal
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中国式现代化建设的人口机遇、挑战与政策研究”(23JZD028)。
关键词
农村留守老人
孤独现象
社会支持
老龄化
农村空心化
Rural Left-Behind Elderly
Loneliness Phenomenon
Social Support
Aging
Rural Hollowing
