摘要
【目的】旨在探讨新疆天润乳业旗下9个规模化牧场荷斯坦奶牛不同胎次和初产月龄对母牛产奶性能和犊牛生长性能的影响。【方法】将采集数据指标中的初产月龄分为6个水平:<22月龄、22~23月龄、23~24月龄、24~25月龄、25~26月龄、≥26月龄;胎次分为3个水平:1胎、2胎、3胎,采用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件对日均产奶量、乳蛋白、乳脂率、犊牛初生重和断奶平均日增重进行单因素方差分析,采用Duncan's法进行多重比较,分析不同产犊月龄和胎次对母牛产奶性能和犊牛生长性能的影响。【结果】初产月龄≥26月龄母牛的日均产奶量最高,达到38.11 kg,显著高于<22月龄和22~23月龄2个水平;初产月龄对犊牛初生重和断奶平均日增重也有显著影响,初产月龄≥26月龄时犊牛初生重最高,而23~24月龄时,犊牛断奶平均日增重显著高于其他水平。胎次方面,3胎母牛的日均产奶量、犊牛初生重和断奶平均日增重最高,而2胎母牛的乳脂率和乳蛋白显著高于1胎和3胎母牛。【结论】适宜的初产月龄有助于提高母牛产奶性能和犊牛生长性能,胎次对母牛产奶性能和犊牛生长性能具有显著影响。
【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of parity and age at first calving on the milk production performance of Holstein cows and calf growth performance across nine large-scale farms under Xinjiang Terun Dairy Co.,Ltd.【Methods】Cows were classified by age at first calving in six levels:<22 months,22 to 23 months,23 to 24 months,24 to 25 months,25 to 26 months,≥26 months;and by parity in three levels:first parity,second parity,third parity.SPSS 19.0 statistical analysis software was used to conduct one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)on average daily milk yield,milk protein content,milk fat percentage,calf birth weight,and daily weight gain at weaning.Duncan's multiple range test was adopted to analyze the effects of calving age and parity on cow milk production and calf growth performance.【Results】In terms of age at first calving,cows aged≥26 months at first calving exhibited the highest average daily milk yield,reaching 38.11 kg,which significantly higher than those of the two groups aged<22 months and 22 to 23 months.Age at first calving significantly influenced calf birth weight and weaning daily gain:calves born to cows aged≥26 months exhibited the highest birth weights,while those born to cows aged 23 to 24 months showed significantly higher weaning daily gains than other groups.Regarding parity,cows in their third parity exhibited the highest average daily milk yield,calf birth weight,and weaning daily gain.Conversely,while cows in their second parity demonstrated significantly higher milk fat percentage and milk protein content compared to those in their first or third parity.【Conclusion】An appropriate age at first calving contributed to improving the milk production performance of cows and growth performance of calves.Parity also had a significant impact on above two performances.
作者
姚康雨
杜宇
王志伟
史浩
魏勇
YAO Kangyu;DU Yu;WANG Zhiwei;SHI Hao;WEI Yong(Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Work Station of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830063,China;Xinjiang Terun Dairy Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)
出处
《草食家畜》
2026年第1期26-32,共7页
Grass-Feeding Livestock
基金
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金资助项目(2022D01D10)
新疆维吾尔自治区奶产业技术体系资助项目(XJARS-11)
新疆生产建设兵团第十二师“揭榜挂帅”项目(SRS2022001)。
关键词
胎次
初产月龄
产奶性能
生长性能
乳成分
parity
age at first calving
milk production performance
growth performance
milk composition
