摘要
针对自然、疾病等灾害形成规范性预防机制是人类防灾减灾中的重要内容。历史上,云南各民族防灾减灾的民间法有日常禁忌习惯、民间自发规约、土司法规、半官方规约四种。这些规范在不同时期、不同民族中的数量和作用各不相同,但从历史经验来看,关键在于能否形成有机的协同防治机制。民间法在云南防灾减灾中的历史特点是:以间接调整为主要手段,以生产生活行为的禁忌和森林水源保护为对象,明朝以前依赖禁忌习惯,之后是各种规约,滇中以自然灾害防治为重点,其他地区以森林环境保护为主。在防灾减灾法治建设上,当代云南应采取民间法与国家法,各级政府与村社、村民等民间力量协同合作,建设成新时代的防灾减灾协同治理模式。
Establishing normative mechanisms for the prevention of natural disasters and diseases has long been a crucial component of humanity’s efforts in disaster risk prevention and mitigation.In Yunnan’s history,the folk laws for disaster risk prevention and mitigation among ethnic groups can be categorized into four types:customary taboos in daily life,conventions established by folk society,rules set by local chieftains(or Tusi),and quasi-official folk conventions.While the quantity and impact of these folk laws vary across different periods and ethnic groups,their effectiveness depends on whether diverse norms and different subjects within the folk society can lead to a collaborative governance model.The historical characteristics of Yunnan’s folk law in disaster management include indirect regulation focused on productive behaviors,living practices,and environmental protection.Before the Ming Dynasty,it relied heavily on taboos;later developments incorporated various codes and agreements.Central Yunnan prioritized natural disaster prevention while other regions emphasized forest conservation.In terms of the legal construction for disaster risk prevention and reduction,it is suggested that the current construction of disaster risk prevention and mitigation mechanisms in Yunnan should adopt a collaborative model that integrates folk laws with national laws,involving collaboration among various levels of government,village communities,and villagers,so as to create a disaster risk prevention and mitigation governance model with characteristics of the new era.
作者
胡兴东
李霞
HU Xingdong;LI Xia
出处
《思想战线》
北大核心
2026年第1期119-126,共8页
Thinking
基金
国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大历史问题研究专项重大招标项目“元明清时期中国‘大一统’理念的演进与周边关系研究”阶段性成果(LSYZD21009)。
关键词
民间法
防灾减灾
云南
协同治理
Folk law
Disaster risk prevention and mitigation
Yunnan
Collaborative governance
